BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop and validate a multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous identification and toxigenic type characterization of Clostridium difficile. METHODS The multiplex real-time PCR assay targeted and simultaneously detected triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and binary toxin (cdtA) genes, and toxin A (tcdA) and B (tcdB) genes in the first and sec tubes,...

We present an exact mathematical framework able to describe site-percolation transitions in real multiplex networks. Specifically, we consider the average percolation diagram valid over an infinite number of random configurations where nodes are present in the system with given probability. The approach relies on the locally treelike ansatz, so that it is expected to accurately reproduce the tr...

The ability to multiplex PCR by probe color and melting temperature (T(m)) greatly expands the power of real-time analysis. Simple hybridization probes with only a single fluorescent dye can be used for quantification and allele typing. Different probes are labeled with dyes that have unique emission spectra. Spectral data are collected with discrete optics or dispersed onto an array for detect...

Although, culture is considered the gold standard for poliovirus detection from stool samples, real-time PCR has emerged as a faster and more sensitive alternative. Detection of poliovirus from the stool of recently vaccinated children by culture, single and multiplex real-time PCR was compared. Of the 80 samples tested, 55 (68.75%) were positive by culture compared to 61 (76.25%) and 60 (75%) ...

BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the analytical performance and clinical potential of a one-step multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of 14 types of respiratory viruses using the AdvanSure RV real-time PCR Kit (LG Life Sciences, Korea). METHODS Three hundred and twenty clinical specimens were tested with the AdvanSure RV real-time PCR Kit and conventional multipl...

Nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter spp. resistant to carbapenems are increasingly reported worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter (CRA) is becoming a serious concern with increasing patient morbidity, mortality, and lengths of hospital stay. Therefore, the rapid detection of CRA is essential for epidemiological surveillance. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been extensively...

background:accumulative research is in progress to clarify clinical aspects of gbv-c. the possibility of interaction between hcv and gbv-c as well as its consequence on development of liver diseases is the most important clinical aspect which encourages researchers to develop a rapid and cost effective technique for simultaneous detection of both viruses.methods: in this study, a sybr green rea...

Simple and reliable conventional multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex-PCR) as well as real-time PCR approaches for the partial-length cytochrome b or cyt b gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were compared to identify seven animal species for the authenticity of low non Halal (pig, dog, cat and donkey) and high value Halal (cattle, sheep and goat) meats. Either analysis indicated the su...

Many real-world complex systems across natural, social, and economical domains consist of manifold layers to form multiplex networks. The multiple network layers give rise to nonlinear effect for the emergent dynamics of systems. Especially, weak layers that can potentially play significant role in amplifying the vulnerability of multiplex networks might be shadowed in the aggregated single-lay...