Background: Halofuginone hydrobromide (1) is recognized as an effective drug against several species of Eimeria (E.) in poultry. In this paper, we describe a convenient and low cost preparation method for the compound, as well as primary validation of its activity. Methods: First, 7-bromo-6-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one (2) was prepared from m-chlorotoluene by a conventional process, and then chlo...

Administration of the y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist, muscimol, into the third ventricle of anesthetized cats causes decreases in blood pressure and heart rate. To determine the brain areas involved, we administered muscimol into the (1) entire ventricular system, (2) lateral and 3rd ventricles, and (3) 4th ventricle. Muscimol 0.05-16.65 /ig administered into the entire ventricular...

introduction: neuropathic pain can be very difficult to treat and it is one of the important medical challenging about pain treatments. muscimol as a new agonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type a (gaba a ) have been introduced for pain management. thus, the present study was performed to evaluate the pain alleviating effect of intrathecal injection of different doses of muscimol as gab...

The effect of muscimol on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced injury of primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons was examined. NMDA induced a dose-dependent leakage of LDH activity, which was significantly inhibited by (+-)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]cyclopentan-5,10-imine (MK-801). Muscimol significantly reduced the NMDA-induced increase of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and...

UNLABELLED Previous reports indicate that there may be an interaction between gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and opioid receptors systems within the spinal cord, the antinociceptive effects of which have not been elucidated. We examined the effects of intrathecally coadministered morphine and muscimol or baclofen on somatic and visceral antinociception in rats. The tail flick (TF) test and c...

Muscimol, a selective agonist of GABA-A receptors, causes changes in behavioral activity. Hypoxia interferes with the GABAergic system and with the functions of GABA-A receptors. We used muscimol in Wistar rats to estimate its influence on locomotor activity in the open field test as well as on the processes of consolidation and retrieval, evaluated in the test of passive conditioned reflexes. ...

AIMS In the present study, the effects of bilateral intra-dorsal hippocampal (intra-CA1) injections of cholinergic agents on muscimol state-dependent memory were examined in mice. MAIN METHODS A single-trial step-down passive avoidance task was used for the assessment of memory retention in adult male NMRI mice. KEY FINDINGS Pre-training intra-CA1 administration of a GABA-A receptor agonist...

Galantamine hydrobromide is formulated in tablets and capsules prescribed through oral delivery for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. However, oral delivery of drugs can cause severe side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal disturbance. Transdermal delivery of galantamine hydrobromide could avoid these unwanted side effects. In this work, galantamine hydrobromide was form...