This article analyzes the internal and external factors that hinder processes of national unity in Afghanistan. The argues is guarantee Afghanistan's stability future.

One of the characteristics of the modern international systems is the undeniable role the new communication technologies play in different sections of human societies. Modern communication technologies such as satellites and computers have challenged the national authority and sovereignty of Vestfallian states.  Although national states, specially, in the third world countries, extremely resist...

This article explores the effect of sub-national tax autonomy and sub-national control over shared taxes on primary deficits with panel data for 23 OECD countries over the 1975-2000 period. The results suggest that sub-national tax autonomy has a U-shaped effect on primary deficits. We find that the “average” country in the sample could increase the fiscal stability of its public sector by redu...

A neglected topic in empirical research on national identity is its stability at the individual level, and this especially true for content, that is, meaning elements people associate with concept of nation. In article, we study key dimensions national-identity content. We ask three simple questions: How stable content—as captured ethnic/civic framework—at level citizens? Are there clear differ...

from the perspective of theorists of international relations including functionalists and regionalists, establishment of cooperation and economic, commercial and transportation relations is among the suitable methods for fostering integration in international relations and deepening friendship, peace and stability particularly among regional countries. considering this fact, the authors believe...

during the last few decades cereals yield have increased drastically at the national level however, information about yield stability and its resistance to annual environmental variability are scare. in this study long term stability of grin yield of wheat, barley, rice, corn and overall cereals in iran were evaluated during a 40-year period (1971-2011). stability analysis was conducted using t...

Background. Today, success in international and championship sports comes with various benefits because of a sense of national pride, economic profitability, as well as diplomacy. Objectives. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse factors that are effective in promoting the national teams of Iran. Methods. This study used a mixed method and data was collected through desk studies, i...