A central problem ill empirical macroeconomics is to determine when and how much the exchange rate is misaligned. This paper clarifies and calculates the concept of’ the equilibrium real exchange rate, using a structural vector auto regression (VAR) model. By imposing long—run restrictions on a VAR model for Iran, lour structural shocks are identified: nominal demand, real demand, supply and oi...

there has been extensive debate in iran over recent years about appropriate exchange regime. some are fixed exchange rate pros, some advocate the managed floating regime, and others believe in pegging the exchange. rate in which nominal exchange rate is annually adjusted to the there are certain provisions embodied in the structure of the basic model, which may identify it as a generally useful...

Using a State-space model, this paper investigates the contribution of both observed and unobserved fundamentals to nominal exchange rate movement in Iran for the period 1991:2-2011:4. To this end, we follow Engel and West (2005) and Balke et al. (2013) and use an asset-pricing approach to develop a rational expectations present value exchange rate model. In order to examine the role of fun...

The purchasing power parity puzzle relates to the adjustment of real exchange rates. Real exchange rates are extremely volatile, suggesting that temporary shocks emanate from the monetary sector. But the half-life of real exchange rate deviations is extremely large – 2.5 to 5 years. This halflife seems too large to be explained by the slow adjustment of nominal prices. We offer a different inte...

the interaction between nominal and real sectors is studied based on estimating a simultaneous co-integrated system including foreign and domestic prices, real output, liquidity and exchange rate variables. two co -integrating vectors namely augmented ppp and demand for money functions are identified. the results suggest that real output is a weakly exogeneous variable and relatively the leadin...