The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of shoulder abduction angles, dominant and non-dominant arm and external loading on co-contraction ratio during arm abduction in scapular plane in overhead athletes and non-athletes. 10 swimmers, 10 handball players and 10 tennis players and ten non-athletes voluntarily participated in this study. Electromyography activity of shoulder muscles ...

The ®nite element alternating method is extended further for analyzing multiple arbitrarily curved cracks in an isotropic plate under plane stress loading. The required analytical solution for an arbitrarily curved crack in an in®nite isotropic plate is obtained by solving the integral equations formulated by Cheung and Chen (1987a, b). With the proposed method several example problems are solv...

An analytical solution is presented for the thermoelastic problem of a half-plane with several cracks under thermo mechanical loading using distributed dislocation technique. The uncoupled quasi-static linear thermoelasticity theory is adopted in which the change in temperature, if any, due to deformations is neglected. The stress field in a half-plane containing thermoelastic dislocation is ob...

this paper deals with local buckling analysis of rectangular functionally graded material plates using finite strip method and based on classical plate theory. the modulus of elasticity of the plate is assumed to vary according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. the principle of minimum total potential energy is employed to obtain stiffness and sta...

The present paper deals with the mixed mode fracture analysis of a weakened orthotropic half-plane with multiple cracks propagation. The orthotropic half-plane contains Volterra type glide and climb edge dislocations. It is assumed that the medium is under in-plane loading conditions. The distributed dislocation technique is used to obtain integral equations for the dynamic problem of multiple ...

in this paper, distributed parameter process systems behavior is studied in frequency domain. based on the dominant gain concept that is developed for such studies, a method is presented to control distributed parameter process systems. by using dominant gain concept, the location of open loop zeros, resulted from the time delay parameter in the process model, were changed from the right half p...