The modelling of traffic flow using methods and models from physics has a long history. In recent years especially cellular automata models have allowed for large-scale simulations of large traffic networks faster than real time. On the other hand, these systems are interesting for physicists since they allow to observe genuine nonequilibrium effects. Here the current status of cellular automat...

The modelling of traffic flow using methods and models from physics has a long history. In recent years especially cellular automata models have allowed for large-scale simulations of large traffic networks faster than real time. On the other hand, these systems are interesting for physicists since they allow to observe genuine nonequilibrium effects. Here the current status of cellular automat...

Fully implicit, fully coupled techniques are developed for simulating multiphase flow with nonequilibrium mass transfer between phases, with application to groundwater contaminant flow and transport. Numerical issues which are addressed include: use of MUSCL or Van Leer flux limiters to reduce numerical dispersion, use of full or approximate Jacobian for flux limiter methods, and variable subst...

A theory is presented of quantum criticality in open (coupled to reservoirs) itinerant-electron magnets, with nonequilibrium drive provided by current flow across the system. Both departures from equilibrium at conventional (equilibrium) quantum critical points and the physics of phase transitions induced by the nonequilibrium drive are treated. Nonequilibrium-induced phase transitions are foun...

The Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook BGK model approximates the collision term of the Boltzmann equation by a single relaxation process from a nonequilibrium state to an equilibrium state. From the BGK model, the Navier–Stokes, Burnett, and Super-Burnett equations can be derived. However, the success of these derived macroscopic equations in the description of highly nonequilibrium flow is limited. In ord...

Two microscopic transition theorems are given for the probability of nonequilibrium work performed on a subsystem of a thermal reservoir along the trajectory in phase space of the subsystem. The resultant transition probability is applied to the case of heat flow down an applied temperature gradient. A combined molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo algorithm is given for such a nonequilibrium stea...

Passive control of hypersonic boundary-layer transition using porous coatings has been studied by theoretical analyses, experiments, and numerical simulations. It was found that porous coating stabilizes Mack’s second mode and destabilizes Mack’s first mode. However, there are only few studies on the stabilization efficiency of porous coating. And no work has been reported about the thermochemi...

In general, when a black hole evaporates, there arises a net energy flow from black hole into its outside environment due to Hawking radiation and energy accretion onto black hole. The existence of energy flow means that the thermodynamic state of the whole system, which consists of a black hole and its environment, is in a nonequilibrium state. To know the detail of evaporation process, the no...

Computer simulations have been an effective tool to study transient flow processes in hypersonic flow and have been complementing experimental and theoretical studies to better understand the flow transition process. There have been lots of efforts in code development for high order simulation of nonequilibrium flow but most of the methods are based on shock capturing ideodology. Shock capturin...