PTHrP is secreted by most cell types. In addition to a paracrine/autocrine role, PTHrP has "intracrine" actions, entering the nuclear compartment under the direction of a classic bipartite nuclear localization signal. In vascular smooth muscle cells, nuclear entry stimulates mitogenesis. In the current study, we sought to more precisely define the regions of PTHrP required for the activation of...

Despite intensive study of p53, the regulation of p53 cellular localization is still poorly understood. This is an overview of the elements and molecules involved in p53 nucleocytoplasmic transportation. These include the nuclear import and export signals of p53, inhibition of p53 nuclear import and export by oligomerization, MDM2-mediated p53 nuclear export, and possible roles of p53 phosphory...

The recently determined crystal structure of a nuclear localization sequence receptor has revealed an exquisitely specific interaction between ligand and receptor, and explains how simple and complex nuclear localization signals can both be recognized specifically by the same molecule.

The differentiation of cultured 3T3T mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes represses growth factor responsiveness by limiting the nuclear localization of the serum response factor (SRF) that binds to and activates the promoters of growth control genes that contain the serum response elements (SRE), such as junB and c-fos. The regulation of SRF nuclear localization by adipocyte differentiation ...

introduction: clinical radiation nephropathy can result in considerable morbidity and/or mortality. renal tolerance (td5/5) has been stated to be 20 gy when irradiation has been delivered to both kidneys in 3-5 weeks. therefore to minimize renal toxicity in these patients, localization and shielding of the kidneys are essential. this study was carried out to evaluate the role of 99mtc-dtpa rena...