The oral cavity has long been considered a potential reservoir for respiratory pathogens. The mechanisms of infection could be aspiration into the lung of oral pathogens capable of causing pneumonia, colonization of dental plaque by respiratory pathogens followed by aspiration, or facilitation by periodontal pathogens of colonization of the upper airway by pulmonary pathogens. Several anaerobic...

Background&Aims: Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) are among the most common nosocomial pathogens worldwide. The intestinal tract provides a major source for transmission of these bacteria. Probiotics are living microorganisms that moderate use of them has inhibitory effect on intestinal colonization by enteric pathogens. We examined the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on inhibi...

Medicinal plants which showed antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and inhibited biofilm formation have the capability of eliminating microbes preventing many infections. In current review, PubMed, Web Science, Science Direct, Researchgate, Academia.edu Scopus were searched to determine medicinal with antibacterial effects common pathogens.

Objectives Periodontal diseases are one of the common oral diseases and microbial oral flora is one major factor responsible for it. Elimination of periodontal pathogens is particularly important in managing the periodontal state. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of Nanosil, chlorhexidine (CHX) and probiotic mouthwashes on periodontal pathogens. Methods In this in-vitro stu...

The immune system in the gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in the control of infection, as it constitutes the first line of defense against mucosal pathogens. The attractive features of oral immunization have led to the exploration of a variety of oral delivery systems. However, none of these oral delivery systems have been applied to existing commercial vaccines. To overcome this, a ...