Introduction: Physical wedge by modify photon beam shape and intensity has been utilized in radiotherapy to obtain uniformly dose distribution in tumor site with reduced hot spots. Calculation of dosimetric parameters for both symmetric and asymmetric wedged fields is proved necessary during linear accelerator (Linac) commissioning. The present study aimed to achieve o...

background: radiosurgery is a focal brain irradiation technique that delivers, usually in a single session, high dose of ionizing radiation. the presence of lateral electronic disequilibrium and steep dose gradients in small fields demands special attention to the selection of a suitable detector with respect to its size, composition and response. materials and methods : small circular fields w...

abstract management of water resources in iran is faced with growing demand for water resources, a considerable increase in the costs of supplying additional water and uncontrolled exploitation of underground waters. economists suggest water pricing to improve water use efficiency; however, government tends to reject that advice due to political risk, economic and cultural concerns. we used a p...

A power divider (PD)/ power combiner (PC) with high quality factor and enhanced output ports isolation using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is proposed. An SIW cavity is designed to provide a high quality factor filtering response and an SMD resistor is attached between two output ports to realize the high isolation. The value of the applied resistor is calculated by using the ...

framed in a cognitive approach to task-supported l2 vocabulary learning, the present study used a pedagogical approach to investigate the relative effectiveness of tasks with different involvement loads on the vocabulary knowledge of iranian efl learners. the goal was to investigate the way that the construct of involvement load is related to the input hypothesis (krashen, 1985) and the output ...

In this study, the Input- Output Structural Decomposition Analysis (I-O SDA) is used to investigate the effects of technological structure changes on changes of total output in Sistan and Baluchestan Province during 2006-2011. The technological structure change is decomposed into two factors: intermediate input structure changes (input substitution) and change in direct backward linkage. The re...