We classify the univariate functions that are relativizable closure properties of GapP, solving a problem posed by Hertrampf, Vollmer, and Wagner (Structures '95). We also give a simple proof of their classiication of univariate functions that are relativizable closure properties of #P.

Introduction: antimicrobial activity of irrigants and interappointment intracanal dressing is an important consideration in endodontics . The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemomechanical preparation of the necrotic canals with different irrigants and intra canal dressing in the control of root canal infection and sinus tract closure. Materials &Methods: In this ...

A pair (X, ) of a finite set X and a closure operator : 2X → 2X is called a closure space. The class of closure spaces includes matroids as well as antimatroids. Associated with a closure space (X, ), the extreme point operator ex: 2X → 2X is defined as ex(A) = {p|p ∈ A,p / ∈ (A − {p})}. We give characterizations of extreme point operators of closure spaces, matroids and antimatroids, respectiv...

OBJECTIVES The last decade has witnessed considerable improvement in design and implantation techniques for the percutaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects. This study was undertaken to compare the results and economic analysis of traditional surgery and percutaneous closure with a modified double-disk occluder during hospitalization. METHODS A total of 345 consecutive p...

Introduction: The most common type of velopharyngeal valve (VPV) closure is a matter of controversy.The aim of this study was to estimate the most common type of VPV closure, including identification of the type and grade of VPV closure among Egyptian children.  Materials and Methods: This study included patients who were candidates for adenotonsillectomy. In these cases, video-nasoendoscopy an...

BACKGROUND The aim of study is to identify the dependence of right ventricular (RV) free wall longitudinal deformation on ventricular loading through segmental approach in relatively large number of patients with atrial septal defect (ASD). METHODS Patients with ASD (n = 114) and age matched healthy children (n = 60) were echocardiographically examined the day before percutaneous device closu...

statement of problem: a recent technique (mbt) has been introduced for easy and efficient orthodontic treatment by means of straight wire fixed appliances. although this technique has many advantages, in space closure stage causes up righting problem in upper incisors, which should be adjusted by applying additional torque in anterior region. purpose: the purpose of this clinical trial was to d...

In this paper, the notion of closure operators of matroids  is generalized to fuzzy setting  which is called $M$-fuzzifying closure operators, and some properties of $M$-fuzzifying closure operators are discussed. The $M$-fuzzifying matroid induced by an $M$-fuzzifying closure operator can induce an $M$-fuzzifying closure operator. Finally, the characterizations of $M$-fuzzifying acyclic matroi...