تمامی انسانها در طول زمان کوشیده اند تا از بروز درد جلوگیری نمایندبه همین منظور روشهای درمانی مختلفی ابداع شده که می توانند درد بسیاری از بیماران را کاهش داده و در این میان روشهای غیرتهاجمی بیشتر از روشهای دیگر مورد پسند بیماران واقع می شوند.

this thesis examines the significances and implications of inflicted physical pain in waiting for the barbarians (1980) by john maxwell coetzee (1940 - ). the researcher tries to show how body becomes a site for exercising violence. in this way, the government’s representatives turn bodies of the barbarians into blank pages through torturing in order to create the truth of the empire. in this p...

if the precise implementation of the principle of proportion and:balance between the violation and the penalty as well as the other dimensions could be considered as a stick yard for the imptementation of justice any lack of preciseness in carrying out such principle would not indeed be much too far from injustice . naturally ,if it would be imagined that the objective of balance between...