This chapter explores the hypothalamo-pituitary system and provides a brief description of the principal hormones of the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland. The actions of the individual hormones are discussed in further detail in the chapters dealing with their target glands: hormonal control of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands is discussed in Chapter 16, hormonal c...

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic condition associated with excessive production of thyroid hormones by the gland. Thyroid play an important role in bone and calcium metabolism. Mild to moderate hypercalcemia due hyperthyroidism has been reported approximately one five patients. Hypercalcemia decreased or subnormal parathyroid hormone levels. The co-occurrence primary hyperparathyroidism rare...

The effect of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on the renal excretion of phosphate, calcium, and cyclic AMP was evaluated in the thyroparathyroidectomized hamster, a mammal apparently reisstant to the phosphaturic effect of parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone did not increase phosphate excretion, although it decreased excretion of calcium and increased urinary excretion of cyclic AMP. Th...

The structures of three polypeptide hormones (glucagon, a 25-residue analogue of adrenocorticotropin, and parathyroid hormone) which contain enough residues to permit organization have been evaluated in aqueous solution by fluorescence and circular dichroism. The effects of pH, temperature, and guanidine on both tyrosyl and tryptophanyl emission have been measured. None of the fluorescence para...

The review describes the problem of studying progressive changes hormones concentrations (parathyroid hormone, insulin, somatotropin, prolactin) in patients with chronic renal failure on pre-dialysis and dialysis stages. pathogenetic relationships between kidney function deterioration hormone as well their biological effects were evaluated. Parathyroid is considered an uraemic toxin, since its ...

disturbances in calcium metabolism and both impairment are some of the known complications observed in beta thalassemia major patients.although iron deposition has been recognized to be the main factor for organ dysfunction in these patients,the relatively low prevalence of hypoparathyroidism has led to giving more emphasis to Ca metabolism disturbance among others.availability of more patients...

conclusions io-pth levels should become normal or to drop by at least 80% during successful parathyroidectomy. persistent elevations of io-pth after resection of an abnormal gland dictate the need for bilateral exploration. background we hypothesized that io-pth levels would decline to normal or near normal after successful parathyroidectomy. objectives evaluate efficacy and predictive factor o...

the effect of exposure to cadmium (Cd) on the function and structure of the thyroid with parathyroids and a relationship between Cd accumulation in these glands and their damage were studied on a male rat model corresponding to human exposure. For this purpose, male rats were treated with Cd in drinking water at concentration of 5 and 50 mg Cd/dm3 for 12 and 24 weeks. the function of the thyroi...

BACKGROUND Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disorder most commonly affecting women, suggesting a role for female hormones and/or their receptors in parathyroid adenomas. We here investigated the prolactin receptor (PRLr) which is associated with tumours of the breast and other organs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS PRLr expression was investigated in a panel of 37 patients w...

The proliferation-differentiation behaviour of human alveolar bone cell cultures grown for 32 days in conditions that allowed the complete expression of the osteoblastic phenotype was significantly affected by the continuous presence of parathyroid hormone, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), or dexamethasone. Parathyroid hormone and, in particular, dexamethasone significantly induced the differentiat...