Identification of peer effects is complicated by the fact that individuals under study may select their peers. Random assignment to groups has proven useful sidestep such a concern. In absence formal randomization mechanism, it needs be argued “as good as” random. This paper introduces simple yet powerful test do so. We provide theoretical results for this test. As by-product, we equally obtain...

We propose an asset pricing factor model constructed with semiparametric characteristics-based mispricing and loading functions. approximate the unknown functions by B-splines sieve where number of coefficients is diverging. estimate this test existence function a power enhanced hypothesis test. The solves low problem caused diverging coefficients, strengthened approaching one asymptotically. a...

background & aim: breastfeeding self-efficacy is an important factor affecting the success and duration of breastfeeding. self-efficacy of people is influenced by four sources including performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and the physiological responses which seem to be modified by breastfeeding intervention.  this study was conducted to compare the effect of p...

The present study compared the impact of teacher-provided and peer-provided oral assistance in the acquisition of English wh-question forms. Participants were 90 female Iranian EFL learners who constituted the 3 groups of the study: teacherassisted, peer-assisted, and a control group. Participants in the experimental groups received assistance either from the teacher or a peer during task-based...