Improved prediction of tone components was realized in our method for synthesizing sentence fundamental frequency (F0) contours of Mandarin speech. The method is based on representing a sentence logarithmic F0 contour as a superposition of tone components on phrase components as in the case of generation process model (F0 model). The tone components are realized by concatenating their fragments...

A 2-step scheme was developed in our method for synthesizing sentence fundamental frequency (F0) contours of Mandarin speech. The method is based on representing a sentence logarithmic F0 contour as a superposition of tone components on phrase components as in the case of generation process model (F0 model). The tone components are realized by concatenating tone nucleus F0 patterns generated by...

It is proposed here that basic Farsi intonation structure consists of three levels, in increasing hierarchical order: the Accentual Phrase (AP), the intermediate phrase (ip), and the Intonation Phrase (IP). The end of the AP is often marked by a high tone, Ha, and rarely a low tone, La (La occurs vacuously utterance finally, marked by L-L%. In this paper, this type of La is not labeled). An AP ...

In Tianjin Mandarin, f0 and amplitude track together on low (L) tone T1, low rising (LH) tone T3, and high falling (HL) tone T4, as is claimed to be true generally of Standard Mandarin (see Yip 2002). In contrast, lexical high tone T2 f0 tracks least systematically with amplitude, whereas tonesandhi derived high tones on T3 and T2 co-vary with amplitude most consistently. The tone sandhi induce...

This study investigated identification of fragmented Mandarin tones by non-native listeners. Monosyllabic Mandarin words were digitally processed to generate intact, silent-center, center-only, and onset-only syllables. The syllables were recorded with two carrier phrases such that the offset of the carrier tone and the onset of the target tone were either continuous or discontinuous in fundame...

The results of a production study of two speakers provide evidence against models of French intonation in which there is a one-to-one correspondence between a syllable and each of the L (low) and H (high) tones of a rise. The results also fail to confirm claims about the influence of the consonant or vowel status of an accentable syllable on the placement of the H of the early rise. The L tone ...

Many languages display a pattern in which the f0 values of tones are higher in a phrase ending in a high boundary tone than in one ending with a low boundary tone. In some cases it is only the tones closest to the boundary tone that are affected, while in others it affects all tones in the phrase. An account is suggested in this paper, according to which these effects are due to perceptually-ba...

This study proposes an Autosegmental-Metrical model of Turkish intonation based on sentences produced in neutral focus, as part of our ongoing research investigating Turkish intonational phonology. Tonal patterns of utterances were examined by varying the length of a word and a phrase, the location of stress, syntactic structures, and sentence types. Preliminary results suggest that Turkish has...

Kim, Sun-Hoi. 2002. The metrical dependency of tone placement in Optimality Theory. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 8.1. 17-38. In this paper, I examine the metrical dependency of tone placement in OT. In Creek and Shingazidja, the determination of tone placement heavily draws on the special relationship between high tone and the metrically prominent position in the prosodic doma...

In this paper, we report on some acoustic data suggesting the existence of the Accentual Phrase (AP) in Neapolitan Italian. In late narrow focus utterances in which intonation modality was varied, there was a difference in the shape and slope of the interaccentual region linking the H target of the prenuclear rise with the L target of the following nuclear rise. We hypothesized that such differ...