in the theory of phrasal phonology and on the basis of the leveling rule, kahnemuyipour (2003) claims that in the stress representation, the words with? symbols in the intonational phrase level, receive secondary stress. the objective of this article is scrutinizing the intonational evidence for secondary stress in persian. analyzing the data which had secondary stress and were produced by the ...

this article addresses the phonetic and phonological representation of h- phrase accent in the tonal structure of persian pre-nuclear accents. in an experimental study, three groups of pre-nuclear accentual phrases, namely, phrases with antepenultimate, penultimate and final stress pattern, were selected for tonal examination. materials were designed so as to yield under-pressure and pressure f...

The aim of this paper is to address an often-overlooked topic in Southern Min tonology: neutral tone. We show that the tone sandhi domain not always isomorphic with XP syntax or a phonological phrase. In fact, may be smaller than what has been predicted, as evidenced phrase-final functional morphemes well rhythmic effect. propose defined by constituent Tone Sandhi Domain (TSD, τ) between p-phra...

Introduction A longstanding debate in tonal phonology concerns how to characterize the relative nature of tone. Two types of tonal relativity are observed. First, tones are relative to a speaker’s pitch range. Thus a canonical lexical High tone is higher in a given speaker’s pitch range than a canonical lexical Low tone in the same position. Second, tones are relative to one another in sequence...

This study investigates the interaction of lexical tone and intonation in embedded clauses in the two-tone Kwa language Akan. The claim is that embedded clauses show recursive prosodic phrasing at the level of intonation phrases (ι-phrase). The prosodic boundary of an embedded clause is expressed by means of a pitch register reset. At the boundary, lexical tonal distinctions are maintained in t...

It has been claimed that the declarative sentence type in Seoul Korean mostly has a falling terminal pitch/F0 contour. Further, it has been claimed that imperative and propositive sentence types also have a falling terminal pitch/F0 contour, thus when declarative has the same morphosyntactic structure with imperative and propositive sentence types, the three sentence types can be distinguished ...

With the aim of automatically categorizing phrase final tones, investigations are conducted on the relationship between acoustic-prosodic parameters and perceptual tone categories. Three types of acoustic parameters are proposed: one related to pitch movement within the phrase final, one related to pitch reset prior to the phrase final, and one related to the length of the phrase final. A class...

A method was developed for synthesizing sentence fundamental frequency (F0) contours of Mandarin speech. It is based on representing an F0 contour in logarithmic frequency scale as a superposition of tone components on phrase components as in the case of generation process model (F0 model). The tone components are realized by concatenating their fragments at tone nuclei predicted by a corpus-ba...

This study proposes a model of the intonation of Choguita Rarámuri (Tarahumara), a Uto-Aztecan language spoken in Chihuahua, Mexico. Tonal patterns of utterances were examined by varying the length of a word and a phrase, the location of lexical stress-tone, and sentence types. The only attested prosodic unit above the prosodic word is the Intonational Phrase (IP), which is usually marked by a ...

The phrase-final accent can typically contain a multitude of simultaneous prosodic signals. In this study, aimed at separating the effects of lexical tone from phrase-final intonation, phrase-final accents of two dialects of Kammu were analyzed. Kammu, a Mon-Khmer language spoken primarily in northern Laos, has dialects with lexical tones and dialects with no lexical tones. Both dialects seem t...