Century-scale climate changes reshaped circulation patterns over the North Atlantic and adjacent regions during the last glacialto-interglacial transition. Here, we show that vegetation across eastern North America shifted dramatically at the beginning and end of the Younger Dryas chronozone (YDC: 12,900–11,600 cal yr B.P.), when changes in ocean circulation rapidly cooled and then warmed the N...

A highly selective medium for the enumeration and isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca was developed in which the typical colonies were convex and 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Their pigment was either a mucoid pink-red color or a more watery pale red with a dark red center. Relatively little colonial growth occurred for any other bacterial genera, and where such colonies did grow...

background: there is a growing demand for mass production of shikalkin (a natural pigment consisted of shikonin and alkannin) due to its increasing applications in cosmetics, pharmaceutical and nutrition industries. the root of iranian arnebia euchroma produces shikalkin. the promising capability of this plant for shikalkin production has already been demonstrated in cell culture studies. objec...

the present study is designed to evaluate the application of a simple method for rapid identification of malassezia furfur among other malassezia spp. based on production of a brownish-red pigment and its diffusion into the medium containing l-tryptophan as a sigle source of nitrogen.  91 strains of malassezia (20% m. furfur , 2% m. sympodialis , 5% m. obtosa and 73% m. globosa ) isolated from ...

The genes coding for yellow pigment production in Erwinia herbicola Eho10 (ATCC 39368) were cloned and localized to a 12.4-kilobase (kb) chromosomal fragment. A 2.3-kb AvaI deletion in the cloned fragment resulted in the production of a pink-yellow pigment, a possible precursor of the yellow pigment. Production of yellow pigment in both E. herbicola Eho10 and pigmented Escherichia coli clones w...

Kozakia baliensis belongs to the family Acetobacteraceae and was described for the first time in 2002. These acetic acid bacteria are able to produce acetic acid from various carbon sources and 2- and 5-keto-d-gluconate from glucose. The novel K. baliensis strain SR-745 was isolated from a pineapple fruit bought in a German supermarket. The strain produces large amounts of organic acids when gr...

Ustilago sphaerogena is a smut fungus which is parasitic on the grass Echinochloa crus-galli but may be cultured saprophytically in the sporidial stage of its life cycle. The form, rate of growth, and color of the sporidia were found (29) to be dependent upon the medium in which the fungus is grown. In a medium containing 2 % yeast extract and 2 % sucrose, large, rapidly growing pink sporidia w...

Demand for natural instead of synthetic pigments for coloring fabrics, foods and cosmetics is increasing. Unlike pigments that are synthetic, those from natural sources allow subtle differences in tone because such pigments generally comprise various color components. Microbes have recently received focus as sources of natural pigments (Mapari et al., 2005). Many fungal species produce pigments...