Automated task planning for robots is usually implemented on a motion primitive domain, where the focus is on constructing meaningful, general motion primitives. In this work we propose planning on the higher abstraction level of robot skills. In this context, skills are general, functional blocks that contain both sensing and action, have a welldefined expected outcome and set of preconditions...

as a source of motivation for efl teachers in their work environment, their satisfaction with their manager’s behavior comprises the basis of the present study. through triangulation and employment of two types of interview, a regular one and an innovative adaptive type, we elicited iranian efl teachers’ perception of their managers’ management skills in the private sector. the two data were th...

agricultural engineering and technical consulting services (agricultural advisory services), have been initiated to provide, among other facilitating affairs, job opportunities for agricultural graduates; while without entrepreneurial activities and simply relying on public sector contracts many of them will not be able to be economically sustainable and preserve their members employment. so th...

We consider the problem of how to plan efficiently in low-level, continuous state spaces with temporally abstract actions (or skills), by constructing abstract representations of the problem suitable for task-level planning. The central question this effort poses is which abstract representations are required to express and evaluate plans composed of sequences of skills. We show that classifier...

The paper focuses on specification and utilization of manipulation skills to facilitate programming of bimanual manipulation tasks. Manipulation skills are actions to reach predefined goals. They constitute an interface between lowlevel constraint-based task specification and high level symbolic task planning. The task of the robot can be decomposed into subtasks that can be resolved using mani...

This research aims to find an answer to the question of which knowledge and skills do the Turkish urban planners need in their business practice. Understanding change in cities, making a prediction, making an urban decision and putting it into practice, working together with actors from different organizations from various academic disciplines, persuading people to accept something and developi...

Financial planning in Australia is moving away from its traditional characterisation as an “industry” and towards a “profession”. A key feature of any profession is an educational framework that facilitates the development of technical knowledge and generic skills by students so that they can successfully transition into the workplace. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC)...

Practitioners have long stressed the need to teach professional commumcations skills to planning students. This paper describes ten years of experience in teaching a course in which communications skills and techniques of gathering and analyzing information are taught concurrently while investigating a problem of importance in the community. The course involves an ongoing collaboration, a "marr...