r-phycoerythrin (r-pe), a fluorescent protein from phycobiliprotein family, is isolated from red algae. conjugation of antibodies to r-pe facilitates multiple fluorescent staining methods. in the present study polyclonal antibodies and polyclonal f(ab')2 fragment antibodies were conjugated to r-pe by two different methods. the efficiency of the methods was evaluated using immunocytochemistry (i...

The breadth of repertoire yet beautiful specificity of the antibody response is the key to its physiological efficacy in vivo; it also underpins the attractiveness of antibodies as laboratory and clinical reagents. One aspect of the body's reaction to invasion by a microorganism is the activation and clonal expansion of antigen-reactive B lymphocytes. Once these have matured into plasma cells, ...

Background: Erythropoietin, as a principal hormone promotes red blood cell production in bone marrow. Varieties of erythropoietin biosimilar are being produced by recombinant DNA technology in cell cultures. The detection or quantification of these molecules are being performed by diff erent methods which some of theme such as Western blot and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) require sp...

The witches’ broom disease of lime trees is a destructing disease caused by the bacterium Candidatus <span style="font-variant: normal; fon...

Polyclonal catalytic antibodies offer advantages in the evaluation of immunogens and in the ease of production of large quantities of antibodies. They comprise the entire immune response of an animal to an immunogen where monoclonals represent a subset. Polyclonal antibodies are consequently particularly suitable for evaluating catalytic antibody responses generated by different haptens or a gr...

Virulence of the opportunistic yeast, Candida albieans, involves the interplay of many complex changes including the yeast-hyphae transition, which mainly involves protein changes. Cell wall mannoproteins are found to be the main cause of adherence of C. albieans to epithel ial cells in the first step of an infection process. In the present study, cell wall mannoproteins of intact yeast wer...