Due to the high price of virgin vegetable oils and the drawbacks of the homogeneous catalytic transesterification, in this work an economically profitable alternative process was proposed for biodiesel synthesis in which transesterification of the low-cost waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol in a heterogeneous system was done. Alumina impregnated with sodium hydroxide was utilized as a solid ...

Fatty acids esters were produced from two Nigerian lauric oils, palm kernel oil and coconut oil, by transesterification of the oils with different alcohols using PS30 lipase as a catalyst. In the conversion of palm kernel oil to alkyl esters (biodiesel), ethanol gave the highest conversion of 72%, t-butanol 62%, 1-butanol 42%, n-propanol 42% and iso-propanol 24%, while only 15% methyl ester was...

In this research, nano materials with tubular structures are added to SAE 20W50 engine oil to study the rate of their effects on the properties of engine oil. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and vanadium oxide nanotubes (VONTs) has been used as two different additive materials, one of them is carbonic and the other is metallic oxides and their effect on  different parameters contain...

We study the problem of existence of stationary disks for domains in almost complex manifolds. As a consequence of our results, we prove that any almost complex domains which is a small deformations of a strictly linearly convex domain D ⊂ C with standard complex structure admits a singular foliation by stationary disks passing through any given internal point. Similar results are given for fol...

due to the high price of virgin vegetable oils and the drawbacks of the homogeneous catalytic transesterification, in this work an economically profitable alternative process was proposed for biodiesel synthesis in which transesterification of the low-cost waste cooking oil (wco) with methanol in a heterogeneous system was done. alumina impregnated with sodium hydroxide was utilized as a solid ...

Résumé. Nous présentons dans cet article un aperçu de la fouille visuelle de données. Pour commencer, nous situons ce domaine par rapport à d’autres approches et nous en rappelons les principes fondateurs. Ensuite, nous montrons qu’il existe de nombreux points de vue pour aborder les travaux en fouille visuelle de données : les données ou connaissances à visualiser, la tâche à accomplir, la rep...

The lubricating oils are essential for operating engine with high efficiency. Therefore, the physical properties of oil such as flash point, pour point, kinematic viscosity, specific gravity and the American Petroleum Institute are necessary to be studied to indicate good quality of the lubricating oil. In this study, we compare the physical properties of two virgin oils with re-refining oil. T...

Anhydride copolymers were synthesized from acrylic acid and fatty alcohols (C12- C18, C18:1). These n-alkyl acrylates were treated with maleic anhydride in presence of hydrogen peroxide in second step, to form anhydride copolymer. The anhydride copolymer further reacted to n-butylamine to form poly (n-acrylate-co-nbutylmalemide). The compounds were used as pour point depressant (PPD) additive. ...