Having pragmatic competence, one can communicate appropriately in social contexts. Pragmatic competence is defined as “the ability to use the language express a wide range of functions well interpret their illocutionary force discourse according socio-cultural context which they are used”. The present study aimed at investigating Iraqi Kurdish EFL learners through comprehension speech acts, imp...

We describe a proposed assistive conversational skills training system using artificial intelligence and natural language generation techniques to simulate spoken dialogue between two embodied agents, one character representing a caregiver and the other character a person with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The type of dialogue simulated is social conversation in which the caregiver encourages the p...

The renewal of theoretical and methodological tools, putting the spotlight film historiography on movie audiences their movie-going routines, has meant a significant shift for study national regional cinemas. New Cinema History movement demonstrated vital importance introducing in-depth, data-based studies exhibition, distribution programming, considering both individual collective experiences....

The present study aims to investigate the relative effectiveness of different types of pragmatic instruction including two collaborative translation tasks and two structured input tasks with and without explicit pragmatic instruction on the production of apologetic utterances by low-intermediate EFL learners. One hundred and fifty university students in four experimental groups and one control ...

We will argue that this construction combines semantic and syntactic quirks that necessitate a constructional analysis. Further, we will show that specifying the pragmatic properties of the construction (and in particular the presuppositions that introduces) allows for a particularly elegant account of the construction’s distribution. This, in turn, provides further support for the sign-based v...

The present study aimed to examine the effect of proficiency on pragmatic comprehension speech acts, implicatures, and routines, as well way learners different levels employ strategies when comprehending a task. Thirty-three high-proficiency forty-one low-proficiency Chinese English completed multiple-choice discourse completion task (MDCT). Of participants, six were selected from two groups pe...

Communicative language use largely entails regular patterns consisting of pre-constructed phrases or sequences. These sequences have been examined by many researchers to find the situation-based formulas which may help L2 learners follow a possibly more target-like speaking system. This study, therefore, explored two categories of formulaic expressions including speech formulas and situation-bo...

We will argue that this construction combines semantic and syntactic quirks that necessitate a constructional analysis. Further, we will show that specifying the pragmatic properties of the construction (and in particular the presuppositions that introduces) allows for a particularly elegant account of the construction’s distribution. This, in turn, provides further support for the sign-based v...

Entropy can be defined as the antithesis of well-formed true reports that agree with each other and with the material facts accessible through the experience of one or more competent observers. The abstract convergence (strictly formal, logical agreement) of true narrative representations (TNRs)—ordinary valid reports of facts of experience—makes them formally more complete than fictions, error...