The pituitary gland is crucially important in the function of the endocrine axis. So far, antenatal depiction of the pituitary gland was possible only using magnetic resonance imaging. We describe antenatal visualization of the pituitary gland using 2- and 3-dimensional sonography. The appearance of the gland on sonography seems to be superior compares to prenatal magnetic resonance imaging. In...

We report the prenatal sonographic features of congenital bile duct dilatation associated with renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia. The condition was seen at 22 weeks of gestation and led to termination of pregnancy. This is the first description of congenital bile duct dilatation using prenatal sonography. It is also the first report of a case in which the features of dysplasia were evident in ...

The hypospadias is the most common urogenital anomaly of male neonates but the prenatal diagnosis of this is often missed before birth. We present the prenatal diagnosis of a severe penoscrotal hypospadias using 2D and 3D ultrasounds. 3D sonography allowed us the best evaluation of the genitals and their anatomical relations. This ample detailed study allowed us to show the findings to the pare...

‘Observation of fetal behavior reflects the functioning of the central nervous system, and behavioral assessment of the fetus enables the function of the brain to be examined’.1 The introduction of four-dimensional (4D) sonography techniques would facilitate fetal behavioral assessment in three dimensions in real time during pregnancy. We describe the latest 4D sonographic studies on fetal neur...

Technological advances in ultrasound have contributed to improvements in prenatal diagnosis. Transvaginal scanning and harmonic imaging have allowed better resolution and improved structural characterisation. Doppler techniques have further been improved, which allow accurate flow studies of vessels in the placenta and fetus. These have contributed much to the management of intrauterine growth ...

Two second-trimester cases and one third-trimester case of intrauterine cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) are presented, each having a different intracranial sonographic presentation. The findings are correlated with radiographic studies and the known pathophysiology. Sonographic evidence of intrauterine cerebral necrosis or calcification should alert one to the possibility of CID, particular...

Musculoskeletal anomalies are not uncommon in prenatal life. They can be either sporadic or part of chromosomal syndromes causing prenatal morbidity and mortality. The prenatal diagnosis of musculoskeletal anomalies is based on information assembled from various imaging modalities and from biochemical and genetic workups. The prenatal diagnosis can serve as a prognostic tool and in counseling t...