Forecasting electricity prices in presentday competitive electricity markets is a must for both producers and consumers because both need price estimates to develop their respective market bidding strategies. This paper proposes a transfer function model to predict electricity prices based on both past electricity prices and demands, and discuss the rationale to build it. The importance of elec...

introduction: agriculture as one of old sectors of economy has been important role in the supply food for peoples and raw materials. globalization causes rapid growth of world trade and reduces information and communications costs. globalization and rapid growth of trade increases the potential benefits of trade for agriculture from various aspects. the potential benefits of trade for agricultu...

A distributed product has its manufacturing activities distributed among many locations. These locations could belong to one or more firms in a manufacturing network. Often, components needed to manufacture a distributed product move through different nodes in the network and sometimes across international borders. Hence, a transfer price is needed for the purpose of estimating duties and drawb...

In previous literature it was found that 84% of risk in poultry grow-out farms is transferred to the processing company, an integrator. A major reason for such a high risk transfer is the absence of a market price variable in determining compensation. We find that more recent contracts, which include a market price clause do not have such high risk transfer. Using welfare analysis we also concl...

This paper provides a price equilibrium existence theorem in economies where commodities may be indivisible and aggregate excess demand functions may be discontinuous. We introduce a very weak notion of continuity, called recursive transfer lower semi-continuity, which is weaker than transfer lower semi-continuity and in turn weaker than lower semicontinuity. It is shown that the condition, tog...

This note provides a price equilibrium existence theorem in economies where commodities may be indivisible and aggregate excess demand functions may be discontinuous or do not have any structure except Walras’ Law. We establish a condition, called recursive transfer lower semi-continuity, which is weaker than transfer lower semi-continuity and in turn weaker than lower semi-continuity, for the ...

This paper examines the choice between direct and absorption costing in a cost-based transfer pricing system for duopolistic firms competing with product market prices. Existing literature has shown that the adoption of an absorption costing system,which drives up the intrafirm transfer price, strategically dominates direct costing for the two firms, regardless of whether the transfer price is ...