Both adverse selection and moral hazard models predict a positive relationship between risk and insurance; yet the most common finding in empirical studies of insurance is that of a negative correlation. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between ex ante risk and private health insurance using Australian data. The institutional features of the Australian system make the effects of a...

This article updates the private social welfare expenditures series with complete data for 1985 and information for most categories through 1986. In the United States, private sector expenditures play a substantial role in the provision of social welfare services. This article presents private social welfare expenditures in terms of the four major categories--health, education, welfare and rela...

FOR AY XITMRE:R OF YEARS t.he Division of Research and Statistics has published two annual series of estimates relating to expenditures for lienltli purposes. The first considers total public and private heakll expenditures‘ as part of the national expenditures for social welfare ~1~1 has appeared in recent years in the November issue of the IsT-LI,ETlN.’ The second series sllows private consum...

Growth in health care expenditures slowed to 9.1 percent in 1984, the smallest increase in expenditures in 19 years. Economic forces and emerging structural changes within the health sector played a role in slowing growth. Of the $1,580 per person spent for health care in 1984, 41 percent was financed by public programs; 31 percent by private health insurance; and the remainder by other private...

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to examine the impact of socioeconomic, demographic, and health status-related factors on out-of-pocket expenditure on health care for children. METHODS Data were obtained from a birth cohort study conducted in the city of Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, in 2004. The final sample is a result of adjusts made in order to keep in the ...

PRIK4TE HEALTII INSURANCE in 1966 continued its expansion in the numher of persons and services covered and in premiums and benefit expenditures. ,4hout four-fifths of the population under age 65 have private health insurance coverage of one type or another. IIealth insurance meets more than 70 percent of all consumer expenditures for hospital care hut less than a third of consumer expenditures...

THE NATION’S private consumer expenditures for medical care amounted in 1961 to $21.1 billion$1.3 billion or approximately 7 percent more than the amount spent in 1960. Direct out-of-pocket payments by consumers amounted to $14.4 billion or 68 percent of the total. The balance of $6.7 billion, representing payments for health insurance, was $832 million or 14 percent greater than the amount spe...