introduction: pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines   such as mcp-1 and il6 can activate microglial cells that has found in some neuro-inflammatory disorders. hypoxia activates cerebral endothelial cells to release these pro-inflammatory mediators. we aimed to investigate the anti-hypoxic effects of different doses of some gabaergic agents. materials and methods: we randomly divided 150 mic...

there is interrelationship between the immune and nervous systems that is accomplished by the molecular mediators. dopamine is one of the most important neurotransmitters. five different dopamine receptor genes (drd1, drd2, drd3, drd4, and drd5) have been recognized and cloned. the expression of the dopamine receptors is well characterized in the brain but little work has been done to examine t...

objective(s) several lines of evidence indicate that neuropeptides exhibit protective properties against gastroduodenal ulcers. neurotensin, a gut-brain neuropeptide, is implicated in a number of physiological processes in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues including gastrointestinal tract. in the present study, we aimed to investigate the gastroprotective potential of either per...

background : in developed or developing countries, the most common cancer in women is breast cancer with a pick in 40–50 years in asia. herein, we compared the association between ihc with fish in her2-positive breast cancer patients and affection of trastuzumab on disease free survival and overall survival (os). subjects and methods: immunohistochemical (ihc) analysis of hormone receptors and ...

conclusions the important role played by endocannabinoid system promises interesting developments, in particular to evaluate the effectiveness of new drugs in both psychiatry and neurology. materials and methods the article is a critical analysis of the most recent data currently present in scientific literature on the subject; a qualitative synthesis of only the most significant articles has b...

introduction: long-term levodopa treatment of parkinson’s disease (pd) is frequently complicated by spontaneously occurring involuntary muscle movements called dyskinesia. the exact pathological mechanism of this complication has not yet been elucidated. we have previously demonstrated that in pd patients the vulnerability to develop peripheral but not orofacial dyskinesia is associated with th...

in this paper a general discussion of the available data on the role of prostaglandin (pg) and phosphodiesterase is discussed. functional studies would be a next step to understand the functional meaning of the data described in this paper. the data presented are a basis for further research on selective modulation of the ep1 and ep2 receptor which could be a therapeutic target in functional bl...