Since independence, Senegal has been highly reliant on international markets to meet its food needs, and this tendency has only increased with rapid levels of urbanization in recent decades. Poor domestic cereal harvests prior to 2007 exacerbated this import-dependence during a time of high global food prices, resulting in the cost of rice increasing by more than 100 per cent between January 20...

This paper is devoted to analyze the poverty-environment nexus from micro perspective. The aim of this paper is to provide answers for the question of how to achieve the compatibility between sustainable development strategies and poverty reduction policies at micro level. A farm household consumption-production model is proposed to provide a broader understanding of the links between energy us...

pistachio is a major agricultural export commodity in iran. nowadays, it ranks first among iran’s agricultural exports. this paper focuses on the comparative advantage in pistachio production and the export market in iran. a policy analysis matrix (pam) framework and revealed comparative advantage (rca) index are applied to 2000-2004 data to study iranian government policy regarding pistachio p...

Health insecurity has emerged as a major concern among health policy-makers particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It includes the inability to secure adequate healthcare today and the risk of being unable to do so in the future as well as impoverishing healthcare expenditure. The increasing health insecurity among 150 million of the world’s poor has moved social protection i...

recently, the finished cost reduction policy-as an efficient economic policy for competitiveness of domestic products beside foreign competitors-has been paying attention by ministry of commerce of iran. at the fist look, the protection of intellectual property such as inventions increases the finished cost of products; but intellectual property protection can be effective in finished cost redu...

one of the ways to be informed on the extent of activities in various industries is to measure the rate of nominal protection. this paper tries to calculate the nominal and effective protection in order to examine the exchange rate unification impacts on the protection of pulp and paper industries with the aim of performing the exchange rate unification policy. therefore, nominal protection rat...

The paper addresses the international policies and strategies for the remediation of land contaminated by radioactive material residue, its main aim being to describe the misunderstandings, evolution and status of the international paradigms in this area. Thus, the denotation and connotation of the 'remediation' and 'contamination' concepts are explored, including the ambiguity they produce in ...