objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between defense mechanisms and adaptation strategies on psychological well-being of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in shiraz.   method: the design  was  a correlative study. samples of 80 patients aged 18 to 40 years, at least primary school level and also in the final stages of life were selected. this study...

WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? 115 A RELATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL SYSTEMS APPROACH 117 BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT: EVOLUTION AND GENETICS 118 Evolution 118 Genetics—The Mechanism of Evolution? 125 BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT: THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM 127 Brain and Mind 128 Contemporary Neuroscience and Its Problems 130 BIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT 135 Role of the Gene in Deve...

videoinsight® means to gain insight by looking at a work of contemporary art. it focuses on the aim and the psychological effect that are potentially provoked by the interaction with some selected contemporary works of art. the insight promoted by the work of art is the outcome of the activation of transference, of projections and reflections on the artistic product, of the unconscious elaborat...

There are a number of useful accounts of learned behavior in animals: a laboratory-associationist approach concerned with general principles of association and reinforcement, principles that hold even in artificial environments and with arbitrary stimuli and responses; an adaptive-evolutionary approach that focuses on the function of learned behavior, both in terms of its local expression and i...

Extensive research with animals and humans indicates that rewarded effort contributes to durable individual differences in industriousness. It is proposed that reinforcement for increased physical or cognitive performance, or for the toleration of aversive stimulation, conditions rewards value to the sensation of high effort and thereby reduces effort's aversiveness. The conditioning of seconda...

although farmers’ psychological empower is a core prominent for development but classic development approaches emphasis on land, capital and human forces for development. however, the new development models are focusing on every single person development in a community. this approach is followed up under theme of empowerment which is developing by doing researches in different disciplines such ...