OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess sensitivity and specificity of surrogate physical ability tests as predictors of criterion firefighting task performance and to identify corresponding minimum muscular strength and endurance standards. METHODS Fifty-one (26 male; 25 female) participants completed three criterion tasks (ladder lift, ladder lower, ladder extension) and three corresp...

Abstract In this paper we present design and analysis of RF MEMS switches with crab-leg connection beam structures. The mechanical characteristics of switch including pull down voltage, hysteresis analysis and capacitance between beam and center conductor are studied. RF characterization of the switch including insertion loss, return loss and isolation are also investigated. Measurement results...

A new CMOS buffer without short-circuit power consumption is proposed. In this work, the gate-driving signal of the output pull-up (pull-down) transistor is fed back to the output pull-down (pull-up) transistor to get tri-state output momentarily, eliminating the short-circuit power consumption. The TSPICE simulations are used to verify the operation of the buffer. It is observed that the power...

Low-noise lTL-compatible off-chip driver (OCD) circuits are very important, especially for low-power electronics, but scaled-down CMOS technology requires a lower operating voltage of 3.3 V, while most applications require 5 V. The dual power-supply requirement makes the design of OCD challenging, first because pull-up devices, especially p-MOS devices, must be able to handle an off-chip voltag...

The maximum speed of synchronous circuits is generally constrained by the worst case propagation delay, which limits the system clock frequency. Various techniques exist to manage the circuit delay, trading off speed for other system resources. One such approach is to equalize the rise and fall delay times. The primary design parameter for equalizing these delay times is the ratio between the w...

Objective- We assessed the effect of change in core isometric strength and endurance on upper limb isometric strength in female athletes. Methods- In this experimental study, 32 female athletes aged 18-25 years were recruited based on the inclusion criteria. (17 cases in the experimental group and 15 cases in the control group). Before and after the core stabilization knockdown protocol, parti...