background the annual risk of tuberculosis (tb) in iran is about 0.5% with annual incidence rate of 23/100000 (16322 cases). different factors have been postulated as tb predisposing factors. several studies have linked smoking with pulmonary tuberculosis as the tb incidence in their adult men was 2.4 times higher than women. in iran, however, this ratio is equal and somewhere the ratio in wome...

introduction: about one third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (tb) and each year, about 1.5 to 2 million people die from tb. procalcitonin (pct) is an inflammatory marker that its level has variable materials and methods: this conducted on patients with pulmonary tb. data were collected using a check list. the serum level of pct was measured by elisa test at the beg...

Introduction: About one third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB) and each year, about 1.5 to 2 million people die from TB. Procalcitonin (PCT) is an inflammatory marker that its level has variable Materials and Methods: This conducted on patients with pulmonary TB. Data were collected using a check list. The serum level of PCT was measured by ELISA test at the beginnin...

From January 1982 to April 1987 , 1500 cases of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) were performed. Among these cases, 37 were suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis but their sputum examination was either negative or they were not able to expectorate. In all these cases pulmonary TB was confirmed either by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid examination or by biopsy. We conclude that FOB is ...

background: this study examined the association between incident pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) and social and behavioral characteristics in almaty oblast, kazakhstan from 2012 to 2013. methods: we used a matched case-control design to estimate the role of factors for acquiring pulmonary tb. totally 324 individuals were recruited from sep 2012 to mar 2013. participants included 110 tb index cases ...

Background and aims: One of the most common approach to understanding spatial and temporal trends of event data is to break it up into a series of time snapshots. Therefore space-time cube method applied in order to portray the likely trend in occurrence of the pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases. Methods: In this study, information of all patients with pul...

tuberculosis (tb) is an important health problem in developing countries, with varying clinical presentations depending on the organs/systems involved. to study the spectrum of clinical and paraclinical aspects of extra pulmonary tb in children suffering from pulmonary tb. this study has been carried out on 65 children with tuberculosis, admitted in tb wards of national research institute of tu...