an investigation was carried out on permethrin-susceptible and resistant strain of malaria vector, an.stephensi. efficacy of several pyrethroids such as permetrhrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, cypermethrin and cyfluthrin against this species showed that those with an α-cyano group and dibromo substitutions were more toxic to sensitive strains than the other classes like permethrin. the ra...

Pesticide poisoning is one of the most common instances deaths in every agriculture-dependent country may it be form suicidal or homicidal cases. Traditional classes pesticides like Organophosphates, Organochlorides and Carbamates have given way to newer class known as synthetic Pyrethroids. Some Pyrethroids Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin Fenavalerate are increasingly being encountered routinely us...

The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 requires the United States Environmental Protection Agency to consider the cumulative effects of exposure to pesticides having a 'common mechanism of toxicity.' This paper reviews the information available on the acute neurotoxicity and mechanisms of toxic action of pyrethroid insecticides in mammals from the perspective of the 'common mechanism' s...

The influence of temperature on the toxicity of the pyrethroids cypermethrin, permethrin, fenvalerate, d-phenothrin, flucythrinate and bioallethrin to 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae was determined. Based on LC50 levels, the toxicities of all pyrethroids were in the range of 1.33- to 3.63-fold greater at 20 degrees C than at 30 degrees C. Our laboratory results suggest that for larval control o...

The Arkansas recommendation for Heliothine control is to use the higher recommended rates when a cotton production area is under heavy Heliothine pressure (Greene, 2003). However, Heliothine resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has been documented several times in the past few years (Payne et al., 2001; Williams,1999). Tank mixing pyrethroids with non-pyrethroids has been shown to be effective...

Since the first evidence of pyrethroids resistance in 1999 in Benin, mutations have rapidly increased in mosquitoes and it is now difficult to design a study including a control area where malaria vectors are fully susceptible. Few studies have assessed the after effect of resistance on the success of pyrethroid based prevention methods in mosquito populations. We therefore assessed the impact ...

Insecticides are widely used to control pests in agriculture and insect vectors that transmit human diseases. However, these chemicals can have a negative effect on nontarget, beneficial organisms including bees. Discovery and deployment of selective insecticides is a major mission of modern toxicology and pest management. Pyrethroids exert their toxic action by acting on insect voltage-gated s...

Recent agrochemical usage patterns suggest that the use of organophosphate (OP) pesticides will decrease, resulting in a concomitant increase in pyrethroid usage. Pyrethroids are known for their potential toxicity to aquatic invertebrates and many fish species. Current toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) techniques are able to detect OPs, but have not been optimized for pyrethroids. Organo...

The prevalence of pyrethroids in insecticide formulations has increased in the last decade. A common mode-of-action has been proposed for pyrethroids based on in vitro studies, which includes alterations in sodium channel dynamics in nervous system tissues, consequent disturbance of membrane polarization, and abnormal discharge in targeted neurons. The objective of this work was to characterize...

BACKGROUND Pyrethroid insecticides bind to voltage-gated sodium channels and modify their gating kinetics, thereby disrupting neuronal function. Although previous work has tested the additivity of pyrethroids in vivo, this has not been assessed directly at the primary molecular target using a functional measure. OBJECTIVES We investigated the potency and efficacy of 11 structurally diverse fo...