Let $X$ be a $BCH$-algebra and $I$ be an ideal of $X$. In this paper, we introduce the concept of $sqrt{I}$. We show that it is an ideal of $X$, when $I$ is closed ideal of $X$. Then we verify some useful properties of it. We prove that it is the ::::union:::: of all $k-$nil ideals of $I$. Moreover, if $I$ is a closed ideal of $X$, then $sqrt{I}$ is a closed translation ideal and so we can cons...

In this note first we define a BCK‐algebra on the states of a deterministic finite automaton. Then we show that it is a BCK‐algebra with condition (S) and also it is a positive implicative BCK‐algebra. Then we find some quotient BCK‐algebras of it. After that we introduce a hyper BCK‐algebra on the set of all equivalence classes of an equivalence relation on the states of a deterministic finite...

In this paper, we describe the primitive ideal space of the $C^*$-algebra $C^*(mathcal G)$  associated to the ultragraph $mathcal{G}$. We investigate the structure of the closed ideals of the quotient ultragraph $  C^* $-algebra  $C^*left(mathcal G/(H,S)right)$ which contain no nonzero set projections and then we characterize all non gauge-invariant primitive ideals. Our results generalize the ...

In this paper, we introduce the notion of bi-Smarandache BL-algebra, bi-weak Smarandache BL-algebra, bi-Q-Smarandache ideal and bi-Q-Smarandache implicative filter, we obtain some related results and construct quotient of bi-Smarandache BL-algebras via MV-algebras (or briefly bi-Smarandache quotient BL-algebra) and prove some theorems. Finally, the notion of bi-strong Smarandache BL-algebra is ...

Given a group G and a subgroup H, under what circumstances can we find a homomorphism φ : G −→ G', such that H is the kernel of φ? Clearly a necessary condition is that H is normal in G. Somewhat surprisingly this trivially necessary condition is also in fact sufficient. The idea is as follows. Given G and H there is an obvious map of sets, where H is the inverse image of a point. We just put X...

The Temperley-Lieb algebra may be thought of as a quotient of the Hecke algebra of type A, acting on tensor space as the commutant of the usual action of quantum sl2 on (C(q) ). We define and study a quotient of the BirmanWenzl-Murakami algebra, which plays an analogous role for the 3-dimensional representation of quantum sl2. In the course of the discussion we prove some general results about ...

This  paper extends the notion of fuzzy $BCK$-subalgebras to fuzzy hyper $BCK$-subalgebras and defines an extended fuzzy $BCK$-subalgebras. This study  considers  a type of fuzzy hyper  $BCK$-ideals  in this  hyperstructure  and  describes   the  relationship  between hyper  $BCK$-ideals and  fuzzy hyper  $BCK$-ideals.  In fact, it tries to introduce   a  strongly  regular  relation  on hyper $...

In this paper, we are going to introduce a fundamental relation on \(H_{v}BE\)-algebra and investigate some of properties, also construct new \((H_{v})BE\)-algebras via relation. We show that quotient any regular regulation is an quotient, strongly \(BE\)-algebra. Furthermore consider under what conditions relations transitive.