introduction: transforming growth factor-beta 1 (tgf-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory property, which has been considered as an essential risk factor in the inflammatory process of ischemic stroke (is), by involving in the pathophysiological progression of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and lipid metabolisms. -509c/t tgf-β1 gene polymorphism has been found to be assoc...

neuroinflamation occurring after traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a complex phenomenon comprising distinct cellular and molecular events involving the injured cerebral tissue. mechanical injury to adult rat brain elucidated the accumulation in the affected area of trophic activity. in the tissue adjacent to the injury, trophic titers began to rise after the lesion. this study aimed to determine ...

It has been hypothesized that elevated plasma Homocysteine (Hcy) plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and age-related cognitive decline. The mechanism of Hcy neurotoxicity in the brain is controversial as well Hcy is a ligand of NMDA receptor. Memantine, an uncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors approved for the treatment of moderate to severe ...

pervious studies have shown that pentoxifylline (ptx) has beneficial effects in reduction of stroke and brain trauma injuries in experimental animals. however, there is very little and controversial information about the effect of ptx on brain edema in cerebral ischemia. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of different doses of ptx on brain edema and neurological motor...

introduction: opiates cause dependency via affect on central nervous system. locus coeruleus nucleus is a main group of noradrenergic neurons in the brain that plays an important role in the expression of opioid withdrawal signs. during opioid withdrawal, brain waves change in addition to physical and behavioral signs. in this study, we examined the effects of locus coeruleus electrical stimula...

it has been hypothesized that elevated plasma homocysteine (hcy) plays a role in the pathogenesis of alzheimer’s disease (ad) and age-related cognitive decline. the mechanism of hcy neurotoxicity in the brain is controversial as well hcy is a ligand of nmda receptor. memantine, an uncompetitive antagonist of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors approved for the treatment of moderate to severe ...

alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects regions of the brain that control cognition, memory, language, speech and awareness to one’s physical surroundings. the pathological initiation and progression of ad is highly complex and its prevalence is on the rise. in his study, alzheimer's disease was induced with single injection of amyloid-β (aβ) pepti...

background: an important role for oxidative stress, as a consequence of epileptic seizures, has been suggested. coriandrum sativum has been shown that have antioxidant effects. central nervous system depressant effects of c. sativum have also been reported. in this study, the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of the plants on brain tissues oxidative damages following seizures in...

objective(s) psychotropic medications produce their effects, in part, through increasing neurotrophin levels in the brain. since studies concerning nerve growth factor (ngf) analysis have been limited in scope, in the current experiments we investigated the effects of diverse psychotropic agents on ngf protein levels in various brain regions of rat. materials and methods male wistar rats receiv...

background: previous studies have shown that morphine consumption during pregnancy may cause delay or defect of embryo development or abnormal nervous system function in the human and animal models. in the present study, the highest density of morphine accumulation in the central nervous system of rat embryos was evaluated using c14‑morphine. methods: female wistar rats (w 170‑200 g) used and w...