Background: An influential piece of literature on effective altruism insists that not-for-profit organizations (NFPs) should concentrate their investments a few activities to maximize social return investment (SROI) ratio. However, this creates greater risk for an NFP than building portfolio in activities. This study investigates whether it is desirable executives an...

Background and Objective: Deprenyl is a drug for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, where the dopaminergic neurons are the target of this drug. Several reports also documented that deprenyl has an effect on the sensory and motor neurons. There are some reports about the mode of action of deprenyl on m...

The classic overall profit needs precise information of inputs, outputs, inputs and outputs price vectors. In real word, all data are not certain. Therefore, in this case, stochastic and fuzzy methods use for measuring overall profit efficiency. These methods require more information about the data such as probability distribution function or data membership function, which in some cases may no...