introduction individual x-ray diffraction patterns of biological tissues are obtained via interference of coherent scattering with their electrons. many scientists have distinguished normal and cancerous breast tissue, bone density, and urinary stone types using the x-ray diffraction patterns resulting from coherent scattering. the goal of this study was to introduce an optimized method for obt...

magnetite (fe 3 o 4  and nio) nanoparticles with a size range of 40–60 nm were prepared by sol-gel technique in nano and micro reverse micelles (water- in-oil). the surface properties, size, morphology and crystallographic structure of fe 3 o 4 and nio particles are characterized by means of x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope which will give muc...

In this study, thin layers of titanium nitride (TiN) were deposited on H13 steel substrates at different duty cycles and temperature of 520 ˚C using plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD). Uniaxial residual stress was calculated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Sin2 Ψ method. Then the residual stress of the samples were measured by Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) method and...

good dispersion of nano-particles in polymer matrices is a crucial parameter in determining the final properties of polymer nanocomposites. in this work, the distributions of cloisite 30b, cloisite 10a and cloisite 93a in ptmeg, popular polyols in the polyurethane manufacturing, were investigated in the nano, micro and macro scales. this investigation was carried out using x-ray diffraction, rh...

Micro-X-ray diffraction (Micro-XRD) offers many opportunities for non-destructive, in situ crystalline phase composition analysis of varied artworks. This paper discusses the application of this technique to paintings. Painting surfaces and cross-sections can be examined to characterise pigments and provide additional information complementary to existing investigative analyses, which often rel...

We describe the application of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron micro-tomography to three ancient bronze coins from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Key questions are whether neutron tomography can contribute to the reading of features on corroded coins by allowing the corrosion crust to be stripped away in cyber-space using surface and volume rendering techniques, and to what extent...

highly crystalline bi3+-doped cadmium oxide (cdo) sub-micron structures were synthesized by calcination the obtained precursor from a sol-gel reaction. the reaction was carried out with cadmium nitrate (cd(no3)2.4h2o), bismuth nitrate (bi(no3)3.5h2o) and ethylene glycol (c2h6o2) reactants without any additives at 80°c for 2h. resulting gel was calcined at 900 °c with increasing temperature rate...

in this research zinc oxide (zno) nano-crystalline powders were prepared by sol-gel method using zinc acetate. the zno nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem), ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis), fourier transform infra-red (ft-ir) and energy dispersive x-ray (edx) spectroscopy. the structure of nanoparticles was studied using xrd pattern. the c...