vaghf is a prominent sign of benevolence, giving aid to human being, promoting islamic community' s objectives, and regulating social and economic affairs. the admirable tradition has long been commonplace in iran, and emerged as a new one, when islam was introduced to the country. the article has mentioned related verses and hadiths as well. the vaghf process was improved in safavid era, ...

The Persian Garden has had various functions during its history and has been host to numerous events. Henceforth, in addition to the main building of the garden, it is essential to examine other structures in it as well. The Nazar Garden of Shiraz, dating from at least the Zand period, has always been the key garden in the Zandieh complex, which has gone through many functional modifications th...

Mirza Gholam Reza Isfahani (D. 1304 Ah) Qajar era’s calligrapher, is a comprehensive personality with own way in Iran’s calligraphic history, who is a unique calligrapher in Qajar era. Mirza Gholam Reza has been proficient at all common dengues and templates in calligraphy, and especially he has created a new way in black homework template. Gholam Hossein Amir Khani (B. 1318) is one...

The kingship of Shah Abbas was contemporary with one of the most critical period in the Safavid era. One of the main challenges of the Safavid government at this time was how to deal with the neighboring states. One of Shah Abbas's first steps to address the challenges was to enable diplomacy and to send numerous communications to the neighboring states. In addition to introducing the correspon...