There are a number of factors which contribute to the continuous pressure for driving in different cities. However most serious, but often overlooked is the problem that the structure of costs of driving stimulates excessive car use. This paper presents the structure of driving costs and classifies then into user, social and environmental costs. The incidence of all these costs is discussed. Th...

Information on the productivity, costs and applications of the logging system is a key component in the evaluation of management plans for the rehabilitation and utilization of Caspian forests. Skidding and road construction costs are expensive forest operations. Determining the optimum forest road network density is one of the most important factors in sustainable forest management. Logging me...

introduction: road traffic crashes (rtcs) are very common across the world and in iran. the aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of road traffic accidents in tehran province, iran in 2009. methods: t his was a descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective study. the study population included all deceased and injuries due to rtcs in tehran in 2009. the economic burden of rtc was es...

information on the productivity, costs and applications of the logging system is a key component in the evaluation of management plans for the rehabilitation and utilization of caspian forests. skidding and road construction costs are expensive forest operations. determining the optimum forest road network density is one of the most important factors in sustainable forest management. logging me...

background road traffic injuries (rtis) impose a significant social and economic burden. objectives the objective of this study was to estimate the medical costs and economic burden caused by rti in iran methods the major components included in this study were medical costs, lost output, and indirect costs. cost components and their values in 2011 were obtained using previous data collected dur...

This paper gives an up-to-date estimate of the costs of road accidents in Iran. Conventional methods of estimating costs are considered together with special factors which apply to Iran. An attempt is made to quantify direct and indirect costs of accidents, including considerations relating to the exercise of Shar'ia law. The overall results show that road accidents account for between 1.4 and ...