Biological tests including the monkey neurovirulence test performed on recombinants between the virulent Mahoney and attenuated Sabin 1 strains of type 1 poliovirus indicated that the genome region encoding mainly the viral capsid proteins had little correlation with the neurovirulence or attenuation phenotype of the virus. The results suggested that new vaccine strains of type 2 and type 3 pol...

This paper presents the use of Powell-Sabin splines in the context of isogeometric analysis for the numerical solution of advectiondiffusion-reaction equations. Powell-Sabin splines are piecewise quadratic C functions defined on a given triangulation with a particular macro-structure. We discuss the Galerkin discretization based on a normalized Powell-Sabin B-spline basis. We focus on the accur...

This paper presents a generalization of Catmull-Clark-variant Doo-Sabin surfaces and non-uniform biquadratic B-spline surfaces called NURDSes (Non-Uniform Recursive Doo-Sabin Surfaces). One step of NURDS refinement can be factored into one non-uniform linear subdivision step plus one dual step. Compared to the prior non-uniform Doo-Sabin surfaces (i.e., quadratic NURSSes), NURDSes are convergen...

Seventy-eight poliovirus strains isolated from river water and sewage in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, during 1993 to 1995 were characterized by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method and by partially sequencing the VP3 and VP1 regions of the viral genome. Of these isolates, 36 were identified as Sabin vaccine strains, and 42 were identified as vaccine variant strains that h...

UNLABELLED Four cases of acute flaccid paralysis caused by slightly evolved (Sabin-like) vaccine polioviruses of serotype 2 were registered in July to August 2010 in an orphanage of Biysk (Altai Region, Russia). The Biysk cluster of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) had several uncommon, if not unique, features. (i) Until this outbreak, Sabin-like viruses (in distinction to more...

Normal Doo-Sabin subdivision surfaces are based on uniform quadratic B-splines. This makes it somewhat more difficult to produce an object with sharp creases or corners using normal Doo-Sabin subdivision. Non-Uniform Subdivision Surfaces on the other hand, allow for the possibility of creating an object that will keep specific points sharp based on the knot intervals that a particular edge is a...

During the characterization of poliovirus type 3 strains imported in The Netherlands, Sabin serotype 3 strains that reacted with both specific antisera against Sabin-like (vaccine) and non-Sabin-like (wild-type) strains by the intratypic strain differentiation assay have been found. The present study was done to determine the pathogenic potential of these virus strains for humans. Characterizat...