The article analyzes application of the name Adurbadagan to both sides modern Azerbaijan divided by Araz river into southern or Iranian and northern independent Republic Azerbaijan. authors believe that roots Avestan words Azar Atash. As a historical political term, originates from Achaemenids’ Aturpatakan (Atropatena) evolving Sassanian Adurbadagan—a Zoroastrian center empire. Since late Antiq...

With broad lines and dark shading, the cartographic depictions of ancient states and empires convey the impression of comprehensive political entities having firm boundaries and uniform territorial control. These depictions oversimplify the complexities of early state growth, as well as overstating the capacity of central governments to control large territories. Archaeological and textual evid...

Present paper is the second publication introducing the paleoparasitological findings from animal coprolites obtained from archeological site of Chehrabad salt mine in northwestern Iran. The current archeological site is located in northwest of Iran, dated to the Sassanian Era (4(th)/5(th) century CE). In the summer 2012 the carnivore coprolite was obtained within the layers in the mine and wer...

sassanian pahlavi and manichaean middle persian pre/postpositions cover a relatively vast spectrum of meanings. by reference to the different components of the sentence, they act as determining factors for their grammatical roles. despite the fact that some pre/postpositions partly overlap others' in meanings, they mostly maintain the subtleties of their own specific significations. this a...

Some evidence points at the presence of Orientals in late Roman Italy: traders (labelled “Syrians”), petty sellers (the pantapolae Nov. Val. 5), but also students, professors such as Ammianus Marcellinus, or pilgrims. Although being citizens, nonetheless they were considered foreign individuals, subject to special restrictions. The actual strangers made a different case, especially Persians. si...