In analogy with the relation between closure operators in presheaf toposes and Grothendieck topologies, we identify the structure in a category with finite limits that corresponds to universal closure operators in its regular and exact completions. The study of separated objects in exact completions will then allow us to give conceptual proofs of local cartesian closure of different categories ...

In this paper, we study the Casimir effect of a scalar field with Dirichlet boundary condition in some certain topologies. By numerical analysis we show that Casimir energy is a shape-dependent quantity. We also obtain the phase transition in different topologies in which the Casimir force changes from attractive to repulsive or vice versa.  eararqr

Quantum spin networks can be used to transport information between separated registers in a quantuminformation processor. To find a practical implementation, the strict requirements of ideal models for perfect state transfer need to be relaxed, allowing for complex coupling topologies and general initial states. Here we analyze transport in complex quantum spin networks in the maximally mixed s...

In this paper, several optimum structures of a cascaded multilevel inverter is proposed. This optimization is based on generation a constant number of output voltage levels by using minimum number of power switches or dc voltage sources or minimum amount of blocked voltage by power switches. In addition, the optimum structure for a constant number of dc voltage sources by using minimum number o...

In this paper, by presenting some notions and theorems, we obtaindifferent types of fuzzy topologies. In fact, we obtain someLowen-type  and Chang-type fuzzy topologies on general fuzzyautomata. To this end, first we define a Kuratowski fuzzy interioroperator which induces a  Lowen-type  fuzzy topology on the  set ofstates of a max- min general   fuzzy automaton. Also by  provingsome theorems, ...

This article presents two topologies, which provide high leakage inductance in shunt-inserted integrated magnetic transformers. These differ from conventional designs by replacing the low-permeability shunt of a planar transformer with high-permeability segments, separated many small air gaps. approach results same bulk permeability as design, while using lower cost and readily available materi...

Biological brains can adapt and learn from past experience. In neuroevolution, i.e. evolving artificial neural networks (ANNs), one way that agents controlled by ANNs can evolve the ability to adapt is by encoding local learning rules. However, a significant problem with most such approaches is that local learning rules for every connection in the network must be discovered separately. This pap...

In this paper we investigate generalized topologies generated by a subbase of preorder relators and consider its application in the concept of the complement. We introduce the notion of principal generalized topologies obtained from the new type of open sets and study some of their important properties.

Nets, useful topological tools, used to generalize certainconcepts that may only be general enough in the context of metricspaces. In this work we introduce this concept in an $S$-poset, aposet with an action of a posemigroup $S$ on it whichis a very useful structure in computer sciences and interestingfor mathematicians, and give the the concept of $S$-net. Using $S$-nets and itsconvergency we...