BACKGROUND Although some anesthesiologists use oral sedatives or parental presence during induction of anesthesia (PPIA) to treat preoperative anxiety in children, others may use these interventions simultaneously (e.g., sedatives and PPIA). The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether this approach has advantages over treating children with sedatives alone. METHODS The child's ...

Among the different results that may be achieved with premedication such as amnesia, optimization of preoperative conditions and prevention of physiological stress, the primary aim in children is anxiolysis. Almost 50% of children show signs of significant preoperative fear and anxiety 1 . It has been reported that there are correlations between heart rate, blood pressure, and behavioral rating...

imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract has a significant and critical role for diagnosis of genitourinary system diseases. although technological progress goes toward less invasive approaches, some of the current methods are still invasive and annoying. voiding cystourethrography (vcug) is the best and most accurate method for diagnosis and grading of vesicoureteral refl ux. vcug is a distres...

the methanolic leaf extract of thuja occidentalis was evaluated for possible sedative activities in mice. sedative activity was evaluated by using hole cross, open field, thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time and elevated-plus maze (epm) tests at 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg.  the extract decreased the locomotor activity of mice in hole cross, open field and epm test and showed the remarkable resul...

The importance of premedication for pediatric patients undergoing surgical procedures dates to the classic work of Waters,’ who believed that children were as entitled as adults to have premedication. The recommended premedication was morphine with scopolamine. Later, phenothiazines were believed to be useful as anesthetic premedications because of their sedative and vasodilator effects.2’ Thes...

The importance of premedication for pediatric patients undergoing surgical procedures dates to the classic work of Waters,’ who believed that children were as entitled as adults to have premedication. The recommended premedication was morphine with scopolamine. Later, phenothiazines were believed to be useful as anesthetic premedications because of their sedative and vasodilator effects.2’ Thes...

The importance of premedication for pediatric patients undergoing surgical procedures dates to the classic work of Waters,’ who believed that children were as entitled as adults to have premedication. The recommended premedication was morphine with scopolamine. Later, phenothiazines were believed to be useful as anesthetic premedications because of their sedative and vasodilator effects.2’ Thes...

The importance of premedication for pediatric patients undergoing surgical procedures dates to the classic work of Waters,’ who believed that children were as entitled as adults to have premedication. The recommended premedication was morphine with scopolamine. Later, phenothiazines were believed to be useful as anesthetic premedications because of their sedative and vasodilator effects.2’ Thes...