In HMM-based recognition systems for large vocabulary, the observation likelihoods provided by the acoustic models are useful in confidence measures if they are properly normalised. This paper compares two normalisation methods for the acoustic model likelihoods: unconstrained normalisation, based on the unconditional observation likelihood, and constrained normalisation, based on the observati...

The hallmark of skilled reading is the ability to read individual words accurately and quickly in isolation as well as in text, referred to as “context free” word reading skill (Stanovich, 1980). For a skilled reader, even a quick glance at a word activates its pronunciation and meaning. Being able to read words from memory by sight is valuable because it allows readers to focus their attention...

We examined whether word recognition accuracy and latency of words children encounter during primary school across the upper grades can be predicted from form (word length, mean Levenshtein distance, frequency neighbors), meaning (free association network markers) exposure (corpus contextual diversity). As a measure recognition, 1454 (M = 10.1 years, SD 11.8 months, 52.4% girls) in grade 3, 4 5...

There is an increasing need for automatic procedures to generate and validate phonetic transcriptions. As the production of manual phonetic transcriptions tends to be time-consuming, error-prone and costly, procedures have been developed to derive phonetic transcriptions automatically by means of automatic speech recognition technology. Such automatic phonetic transcriptions are usually validat...

background and aim: digits are suitable materials for hearing assessment of wide range of patients including children and adults with various language abilities. single monosyllabic 1-10 digits in triplet formant have been used for measuring speech recognition threshold in signal-to-noise ratio. the purpose of this study was to determine signal-to-noise ratio (snr) needed for 50 percent correct...

The purpose of this study was to measure the efficacy of an eBook to improve the vocabulary and word recognition skills in an Afrikaans speaking group of lower socio-economic status of 6to 7-year old children with poor vocabulary. The main goals were to investigate if exposure to an interactive eBook would result in the acquisition of new vocabulary and sight word reading in the study participa...

This paper presents the results of Persian handwritten word recognition based on Mixture of Experts technique. In the basic form of ME the problem space is automatically divided into several subspaces for the experts, and the outputs of experts are combined by a gating network. In our proposed model, we used Mixture of Experts Multi Layered Perceptrons with Momentum term, in the classification ...