The goal of this article is to provide a balanced assessment of what has happened to the welfare state in advanced capitalist societies since 1980. What is one to make of recent spending cuts and welfare reforms? Do they represent a fundamental rollback of the welfare activities of the state and thus a belated victory for Thatcherite-Reaganite ideas? Or should these changes rather be seen as in...

• The Perfect introduces a time interval: the “perfect time span” (PTS). • The Right Boundary (RB) of the PTS is set by Tense. • The Left Boundary (LB) of the PTS may be set by “perfect adverbials”. • The lower predicate (event) is predicated of the PTS, either directly or mediated by various devices, most notably operators associated with the Perfective or Imperfective. • When the predicate ha...

This study uses a unique database to examine the trend in the use of food pantries in the Kansas City metropolitan area from 1997 to 2000. We find a slight increase in the use of food pantry services over this period, less than one percent annually. This is a much smaller increase than has been reported in other studies, but consistent with recent research that uses a series of national cross-s...

In 1997 the new Labour government in the UK inherited a situation where nearly one in 5 children lived in a household where no adult worked and around one in 3 lived in relative poverty. Children had replaced pensioners as the poorest group in society. The incoming government set about an ambitious set of reforms deigned to reduce poverty and worklessness amongst families with children. This po...

the welfare policies and programs in the iran had started to establish modern state in iran since 1925.this paper deals with the relation between oil revenues and social welfare in iran before 1978(1357) revolution. why developmental activities within welfare policies and programs couldn’t maintain their stability and continuity? the bureaucrats and redefined groups were became the main target ...

This paper examines various implications of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs), namely Customs Unions (CUs) and Free Trade Areas (FTAs), in the context of a multi-country general equilibrium model based on comparative advantage considerations. We calibrate the model to represent countries with symmetric endowments, and compare the impact of those agreements with free trade and a non-cooperati...

seventeenth-century introduction of Jesuit's bark as "mere" placebos, Shapiro does attempt to provide some historical context for modem concerns. He considers therapy from ancient times to the present and he recounts the history of blind trials in detail. Interestingly, he is not entirely dismissive of religious cures, precisely because he is aware of the potential strength of the placebo effec...

The propensity to show moral behaviour has evolved in all animals living in complex societies as it promotes social stability. All major religions provide a structure for a moral code. The code is valuable in the societies where the religions have influence. The most important aspects of morality are the same in all countries. Because of their moral code, people consider that they have obligati...