introduction: skeletal staining is an important part of anatomical studies which can evaluate macroscopic disorders in bones and cartilages development. the aim of the present article is to illustrate two distinct protocols by all details in order to stain skeletal system of the lab animals in all ages of their lives so it becomes easy for future studies in this field. methods: in this paper, s...

Abstract Purpose: Skeletal staining is a way to study the effect of many chemical or herbal substances on development of bones and cartilages in order to record the level of probable deformity.This article aimed to present a modified protocol to make all skeletal studies on laboratory animals possible. Materials and Methods: The important notes about skeletal staining were fixing by ethan...

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) participates in the regulation of endochondral bone development. After the cartilage mold is established in fetal life, perichondrial cells and chondrocytes at the ends of the mold synthesize PTHrP. This ligand then acts on PTH/PTHrP receptors on chondrocytes. As chondrocytes go through a program of proliferation and then further differentiation into ...

The limited ability of articular cartilage to repair after traumatic insult or during arthritic degeneration is widely attributed to the fact that the tissue lacks both innervation and vascularisation. However, comparative studies of articular cartilage repair in load bearing and non-load bearing areas of the joint, in addition to some in vitro studies suggest more strongly that adult articular...

IIntroduction I-1. Developmental genes in Drosophila I-2. Skeletal development in human IIDevelopment of the axial skeleton II-1. Signaling molecules involved in the determination of sclerotome to cartilage II2. Role of Hox genes in the regulation of vertebral segments IIIDevelopment of the limbs (appendicular skeleton) III-1. Limb bud differentiation with respect to three axes III-2. Role of F...