Abstract This article explains how social norms can help to distinguish and understand a range of different kinds inequality hierarchy. My aim is show the literature on provide crucial resources relational egalitarianism, which has made equality into central topic contemporary normative political theorizing. The hope that more discriminating detailed picture will egalitarians move beyond discus...

Being excluded and ignored has been shown to threaten fundamental human needs and cause pain. Such reflexive reactions to social exclusion have been conceptualized as direct and unmoderated (temporal need threat model, Williams, 2009). Here we propose an extension and argue that reflexive reactions depend on how social exclusion situations are construed. If being excluded is understood as a vio...

We analyze how insurance arrangements, labor supply, moral hazard and outright cheating are affected by social norms. One question is under what conditions norms may improve social welfare. Another is under what conditions people should be allowed to opt out of social insurance. We introduce an informal production sector to analyze the consequences of alternative assumptions about the informati...

Social norms are often posited as an explanation of differences in the economic behavior and performance of societies that are difficult to explain by differences in endowments and technology. The successful integration of social norms into economic models requires an understanding of the basis of the differences in preferences that lead to different behaviors. I explore the difference between ...

social institutions have not changed equally, completely and simultaneously under the impact of modernization process. different levels of the family construction have been formed disharmoniously with social changes. that is why we are witnessing incompatible coactions among a some parts of traditional family norms on one side, and the values arisen from modernization. so that in some cases thi...