SONET add-drop multiplexers (ADMs) are the dominant cost factor in SONET /WDM rings. The number of SONET ADMs required by a set of traffic streams is determined by the routing and wavelength assignment of the traffic streams. Following previous work, we consider the problem where the route of each traffic stream is given as input, and we need to assign wavelengths so as to minimize the total nu...

Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) rings are being deployed to support multiple SONET/SDH selfhealing rings over a single physical optical ring. In such systems, the dominating cost is the SONET Add/Drop Multiplexers (ADMs). To minimize the system cost, algorithms must be developed to assign wavelengths to lightpaths in the system so that the number of ADMs required is minimized. Ho...

Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are very closely related standards, which came into being primarily as a means of transporting telephone traffic in large volumes utilizing optical fiber transmission systems. SONET was brought forth by Bellcore (Telcordia), with coordination from International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as well as other standards or...

We present features of next generation SONET, focusing particularly on path management. Factors such as QoS metrics and path protection are keys to realize automatic and dynamic path management. Two algorithms (the sequential algorithm and the parallel algorithm) to provide QoS and protection path in SONET are proposed and discussed in details. They balance the network load by circumventing hea...

High speed SONET rings are widely used as network infrastructure. In WDM/SONET rings, the SONET add/drop multiplexers (SADMs) can significantly increase the overall system cost. By traffic grooming, the number of SADMs as well as the number of wavelengths required can be reduced dramatically. Generally, traffic grooming includes two parts: circuit construction and circuit grooming. Efficient ci...

The Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) [1][2][3][4] family of ITU-T standard protocols are designed to provide common, simple, and flexible interface for broadband optical fiber transmission systems. It enables direct octet-synchronous multiplexing of lower rate tributaries. SONET/SDH-compliant transmission systems are widely deployed by telephone carriers wor...

This paper dedicated to analysis and review of literature for today’s technology and future aspects of optical networks. This in depth analysis of today’s SONET/SDH Architecture and Reconfigurable structures for SONET rings has been discussed so that one can formulate the next generation SONET/SDH networks. Network layers are analyzed for their design and issues of researches, while dense wavel...

This paper considers grooming of low speed traf-c into high speed lightpaths in a WDM based optical ring with a primary goal of reducing the cost of the entire system, which is dominated by the cost of the SONET transmission equipment connected to the optical ring. The paper attempts to enumerate the architectural options provided by SONET to arrive at a cost-eeective solution, including UPSR a...