The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), can develop strong resistance to Cry1Ab, the most widely commercialized Cry toxin for Bt maize worldwide. It is essential to understand the mechanism of resistance for management of this species, but information on the post-transcriptional regulation of Bt resistance in this target insect is limited. In the present study, RNA was extract...

The spaceborne double-pulse integrated-path differential absorption (IPDA) light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system was found to be helpful in observing atmospheric CO2 understanding the carbon cycle. airborne experiments of a scale prototype China’s planned IPDA LIDAR implemented 2019. A problem with data inversion caused by detector module nonlinearity found. Through many experiments, ampli...

In recent years, adductor canal block (ACB) has been introduced as an alternative for femoral nerve block with a great advantage of preserving or minimally reducing quadriceps strength. The technique is relatively easy and is performed under ultrasound guidance. Despite growing evidence regarding efficacy and safety of ACB following knee surgery, use of ACB is still limited to high volume ortho...

In 1950, Forsythe and Leibler (1950) introduced a statistical technique for finding the inverse of a matrix by characterizing the elements of the matrix inverse as expected values of a sequence of random walks. Barto and Duff (1994) subsequently showed relations between this technique and standard dynamic programming and temporal differencing methods. The advantage of the Monte Carlo matrix inv...

A modified allele-specific competitive blocker PCR (ACB-PCR) has been developed as an approach for genotypic selection, the detection of a rare mutant allele based solely upon its altered nucleotide sequence. ACB-PCR genotypic selection operates through the preferential PCR amplification of mutant DNA using a primer that has more mismatches to the wild-type allele than the mutant allele. In add...

Two colonies of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), artificially selected from a Bt-susceptible colony (ACB-BtS) for resistance to Cry1Ab (ACB-AbR) and Cry1Ac (ACB-AcR) toxins, were used to analyze inheritance patterns of resistance to Cry1 toxins. ACB-AbR and ACB-AcR evolved significant levels of resistance, with resistance ratios (RR) of 39-fold and 78.8-fold to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac,...

In the paper an approach to a certain class of nonlinear parameter estimation problem is proposed, which is, in particular, applicable to distributed parameter systems described by elliptic partial diierential equations. The approach exploits a special structure of nonlinear dependence, what allows to apply the least squares algorithm twice, together with the inversion of a nonlinear characteri...

11.1 Prime fields of odd characteristic 201 Representations and reductions • Multiplication • Inversion and division • Exponentiation • Squares and square roots 11.2 Finite fields of characteristic 2 213 Representation • Multiplication • Squaring • Inversion and division • Exponentiation • Square roots and quadratic equations 11.3 Optimal extension fields 229 Introduction • Multiplication • Exp...