A class of discrete-time branching particle filters is introduced with individual resampling: If there are Nn particles alive at time n, N0 = N , an ≤ 1 ≤ bn, L̂n+1 is the current unnormalized importance weight for particle i and An+1 = 1 N Nn ∑ i=1 L̂n+1, then weight is preserved when L̂n+1 ∈ (anAn+1, bnAn+1). Otherwise, ⌊ L̂in+1 An+1 ⌋ +ρn offspring are produced and assigned weight An+1, where ρn...

A simple and elegant method is presented to perform anti-aliasing in ray traced images. The method uses stratified sampling to reduce the occurrence of artifacts in an image and features a B-spline filter to compute the final luminous intensity at each pixel. The method is scalable through the specification of the filter order. A B-spline filter of order one amounts to a simple anti-aliasing sc...

This paper focuses on the relationships between stratified $L$-conver-gence spaces, stratified strong $L$-convergence spaces and stratifiedlevelwise  $L$-convergence spaces. It has been known that: (1) astratified $L$-convergence space is precisely a left-continuousstratified levelwise $L$-convergence space; and (2) a  stratifiedstrong $L$-convergence space is naturally a stratified $L$-converg...

Chang, B.-M., K.-M. Choe and T. Han, Static filtering on stratified programs, Information Processing Letters 47 (1993) 237-244. We extend static filtering in 181, a query optimization strategy based on seminaive evaluation on system graphs. so that it can efficiently handle stratified programs without extra overhead. The computation of static filters is formalized as a transformation so that th...

In this paper, the concepts of derived sets and derived operators are generalized to $(L, M)$-fuzzy topological spaces and their characterizations are given.What is more, it is shown that the category of stratified $(L, M)$-fuzzy topological spaces,the category of stratified $(L, M)$-fuzzy closure spaces and the category of stratified $(L, M)$-fuzzy quasi-neighborhood spaces are all isomorphic ...

The notion of stratified (L, M)-semiuniform convergence tower spaces is introduced, which extends the notions ofprobabilistic semiuniform convergence spaces and lattice-valued semiuniform convergence spaces. The resulting categoryis shown to be a strong topological universe. Besides, the relations between our category and that of stratified (L, M)-filter tower spaces are studied.

This paper presents the concepts of $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces and stratified $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces. It is shown that the category of stratified $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces is a bireflective subcategory of the category of $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces, and the former is a Cartesian-closed topological category. Also, it is proved that the category of stratified $...

Considering a frame L, we introduce the notions of stratified L-semi-topological neighborhood group, stratified L-quasi-topological neighborhood group, and stratified L-quasi-bi-topological neighborhood group. In so doing, we look at the notion of stratified L-right (left) semi-topological neighborhood group, provide some basic facts, and present a construction of a stratified L-right semi-topo...

We introduce the notion of (L, e)-filters with fuzzy partially order e on complete residuated lattice L. We investigate (L, e)-filters induced by the family of (L, e)-filters and functions. In fact, we study the initial and final structures for the family of (L, e)-filters and functions. From this result, we define the product and co-product for the family of (L, e)-filters and functions.