A multi-panel PMC infilled system, using polymer matrix composite (PMC) material, was introduced as new conceptual design for seismic retrofitting. A proposed multi panel PMC infilled system was composed of two basic structural components: inner PMC sandwich infills and outer FRP damping panels. The PMC material had high stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios. Therefore, the addition...

abstract This paper studies the asymptotic covariance estimation associated with the LIML estimator for large-T dynamic panel structural equations. The proposed simple estimation method is based on the fixed-N or large Kasymptotics relating to the number of backward-filtered instruments. We demonstrate the resulting t-Test which also does not need asymptotic bias correction works well with the ...

Spatial panel data models are widely used in empirical studies. The existing theories of spatial models so far have largely confine the analysis under the assumption of parameters stabilities. This is unduely restrictive, since a large number of studies have well documented the presence of structural changes in the relationship of economic variables. This paper proposes and studies spatial pane...

This paper applies conventional panel unit root tests and panel stationarity tests with and without structural breaks to examine the time series properties of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for a panel of eight Pacific Island economies. The panel unit root and panel stationarity tests without structural breaks suggest that for the panel as a whole real GDP per capita contains a un...

Detecting and modelling structural changes in time series models have attracted great attention while relatively little effort has been paid to the test of structural changes in panel data models despite their increasing importance in economics and finance. In this paper, we propose a new approach to testing structural changes in panel data models with cross-sectional dependence. The idea is to...

The reduction of a structural pattern at specific gray levels or at the special condition of image data has mainly been discussed in digital halftone methods. This problem is more severe in some flat panel displays because their black levels typically are brighter than other displays blocks. The authors proposed an advanced confined error diffusion (ACED) algorithm which was a well-organized ha...