Chapter abstract: Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is presented in this chapter as a potent and novel alternative to conventional solvent extraction processes for isolating bioactive components from algae. SWE is defined as the extraction with water at temperatures ranging from the boiling point to the critical point and at pressures high enough to keep the water in the liquid state throughou...

Extractions of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil from a former manufactured gas plant site were performed with a Soxhlet apparatus (18 h), by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) (50 min at 100 degrees C), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) (1 h at 150 degrees C with pure CO2), and subcritical water (1 h at 250 degrees C, or 30 min at 300 degrees C). Although minor diff...

In the present work the efficiency of water under subcritical conditions for the extraction of pesticides having a broad spectrum of polarities from soils was evaluated. The pesticides under study were carbofuran, hexachlorobenzene, dimethoate, simazine, atrazine, lindane, diazinon, methylparathion, alachlor, aldrin-R, metholachlor, chlorpyrifos, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, 4,4-DDT an...

In this study, subcritical water was used for the extraction and fractionation of organic atmospheric particulate. Two types of carbonaceous aerosol, diesel exhaust particulate (a relatively nonpolar matrix) and wood smoke particulate (a polar matrix), were sequentially extracted using subcritical water at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 300°C. The importance of each fraction was evaluated us...

The new method of quercetin extraction from Polygonum hydropiper L. by subcritical water was developed. High performance liquid chromatography was used for identification and quantification of flavonoids in the extract. The new method is environmentally friendly and more effective (7.6-times) than traditional flavonoids extraction methods using expensive and toxic organic solvents.