Glasses from Mauna Loa pillow basalts, recent subaerial vents, and inclusions in olivine were analyzed for S, Cl, F, and major elements by electron microprobe. Select submarine glasses were also analyzed for H2O and CO2 by infrared spectroscopy. The compositional variation of these tholeiitic glasses is dominantly controlled by crystal fractionation and they indicate quenching temperatures of 1...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity (≥2 chronic health problems) among Korean submariners and to evaluate the association between submarine service and multimorbidity and disease burden. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This cross-sectional study included 590 naval personnel who visited a Korean primary care clinic during 2014-2015. Data regarding general characteristics a...

Huge landslides, mobilizing hundreds to thousands of km(3) of sediment and rock are ubiquitous in submarine settings ranging from the steepest volcanic island slopes to the gentlest muddy slopes of submarine deltas. Here, we summarize current knowledge of such landslides and the problems of assessing their hazard potential. The major hazards related to submarine landslides include destruction o...

Silicic tuffs infilling an ancient submarine caldera, at Mineral King in California, show microscopic fabrics indicative of welding of glass shards and pumice at temperatures >500 degrees C. The occurrence indicates that subaqueous explosive eruption and emplacement of pyroclastic materials can occur without substantial admixture of the ambient water, which would cause chilling. Intracaldera pr...

The empirical probability for the occurrence of submarine landslides at a given location can be estimated from age dates of past landslides. In this study, tools developed to estimate earthquake probability from paleoseismic horizons are adapted to estimate submarine landslide probability. In both types of estimates, one has to account for the uncertainty associated with age-dating individual e...

Optical Submarine Cable systems play a principal role in international telecommunications, thanks to their superiority over satellite systems in terms of stability, latency and upgradability. The business of constructing and then maintaining and selling capacity over submarine fiber optic cables is fascinating, and is absolutely fundamental to modern day communications. The sector has its own u...

Successful submarine operations—those that accomplish the mission while maintaining security and safety—depend on numerous factors, including the capabilities of various sensor systems, the reliability of algorithms, and the proficiency of the crew. Among the most critical elements is Command Team decision-making and the underlying processes that create a cohesive and effective team. As a team,...

Thedesignanduseof a new device for increasing low level Alpha counting efficiency of the standard AN/PDR-56 Alpha Particle Meter is described. Directions for its construction, list of materials required, photographs and diagrams are furnished. The practical application of shipboard utilization of such a device is pointed out. ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION This report was completed in partial fulfi...

The capacity of the global communications network is being progressively increased to handle the rapid growth in telecommunication traffic generated by the Internet. Fujitsu supplies submarine optical cable systems that can provide the huge capacity and short transmission delay required by carriers. There are two ways to increase capacity: construct a new submarine cable system or upgrade the e...