In this paper, an offline evaluation method for the cooling capability of three-phase insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverters is presented, which can better emulate real working conditions. With a properly designed sudden-stop control sequence, conventional junction temperature monitoring at low current used to calculate before sudden stop inverter. This solve challenging switching l...

Financial crises are linked to large output declines, but the potential links between different types of crises remains unclear. To enhance understanding we study the interdependencies between domestic banking crises, on one hand, and external financial crises, including currency and sudden stop crises, on the other in a quarterly global panel. We further ask how the different crises relate to ...

Sudden stops can be characterized by sharp reversals in capital inflows, large declines in output, and steep collapses in real asset prices (Mendoza and Smith, 2009). In almost all recent crises, capital account reversals amounting to more than 10% of an afflicted country’s GDP have occurred (Calvo and Reinhart, 1999 and Nabli, 1999). More specifically, reversals in capital flows to emergin...

The " Sudden Stop " phenomenon of the recurrent emerging markets crises of the last ten years is one of the key questions facing International Macroeconomics. Sudden Stops are defined by unusually large recessions marked by: sharp, abrupt current account reversals, large contractions in output and absorption, and collapses in goods and asset prices. In Mexico's 1995 Sudden Stop, for example, th...

Traffic oscillation, stop and go traffic, is created by different reasons such as: sudden speed drop of leader vehicle. Stop and go traffic commonly is observed in congested freeways results in traffic oscillation. Many theories had been presented to define congestion traffic based on laws of physics such as: thermodynamics and fluid. But, these theories could not explain the complexity of driv...

OBJECTIVES Subway drivers experience various types of work-related problems during their driving, and those experiences can act as risk factors for depressive symptoms. This study was conducted to investigate the association between work-related problems and subway driver's depressive symptoms. METHODS We recruited all of the 961 current subway drivers of a subway company located in Seoul, So...

This paper argues that occasionally binding borrowing limits and non-trivial equity trading costs signi cantly increase the probability of a Sudden Stop post nancial liberalization, which in turn, signi cantly alters the long run external capital structure of an emerging market economy. Upon opening the capital account, agents in the emerging market have an incentive to accumulate debt and sell...

This paper argues that credit frictions and asset trading costs signi cantly increase the probability of a Sudden Stop in the early stages of nancial globalization, and that this in turn, signi cantly alters the long-run external capital structure of emerging market economies. Upon opening the capital account, domestic agents have an incentive to accumulate debt and sell domestic equity in orde...

In this paper I analyze whether restrictions to capital mobility reduce countries’ vulnerability to major external shocks. More specifically, I ask if countries that restrict the free flow of international capital have a lower probability of experiencing a sudden stop and being subject to contagion than countries that have a freer degree of capital mobility. I use three new indexes on the degre...